Nokea
When a nurse supports the welfare of the patient in relation to health, safety and personal rights, the ethical principle followed is
- A. responsibility
- B. accountability
- C. confidentiality
- D. advocacy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: advocacy. Advocacy involves actively supporting and promoting the welfare and rights of the patient. Nurses advocate for their patients by ensuring their health, safety, and personal rights are upheld. This ethical principle goes beyond just fulfilling responsibilities or being accountable for one's actions. Responsibility (A) focuses on duties and tasks, accountability (B) is about being answerable for one's actions, and confidentiality (C) pertains to maintaining patient privacy. In this context, advocacy is the most appropriate choice as it encompasses actively working to protect and promote the best interests of the patient.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following clinical manifestations is most indicative of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
- A. Hypocapnia with respiratory alkalosis
- B. Bradypnea with metabolic acidosis
- C. Tachypnea with hypoxemia refractory to supplemental oxygen
- D. Hypercapnia with hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
- ARDS is characterized by severe hypoxemia and respiratory distress.
- Tachypnea is a hallmark sign of ARDS due to the body's compensatory mechanism to increase oxygenation.
- Hypoxemia refractory to supplemental oxygen signifies the inability to improve oxygen levels despite intervention.
- Choices A, B, and D do not align with typical manifestations of ARDS, as they do not directly reflect severe hypoxemia or respiratory distress.
While performing the admission assessment of a new client, the nurse observed that the client brought a bottle of over-the-counter pain medication to the hospital. The nurse failed to document this or remove the medication from the room. Subsequently, the client experienced a serious adverse drug reaction as a result of the interaction between this drug and one of the drugs that the client was prescribed in the hospital. This nurse may be guilty of what?
- A. Malpractice
- B. Failure of duty to warn
- C. Assault
- D. Incompetence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Malpractice. The nurse's failure to document and remove the over-the-counter medication, which led to a serious adverse drug reaction, constitutes malpractice. Malpractice refers to negligence or failure to provide the standard of care expected in a professional setting. In this case, the nurse's actions directly resulted in harm to the client, which is a clear example of malpractice.
Incorrect Choices:
B: Failure of duty to warn - This choice implies that the nurse had a duty to warn the client about the potential drug interaction, which may not necessarily be the case. The primary issue here is the nurse's failure to document and remove the medication, not a failure to warn.
C: Assault - Assault involves intentional harm or threat of harm, which is not applicable in this scenario where the harm was due to negligence.
D: Incompetence - While the nurse's actions may demonstrate incompetence, the more specific legal term for this situation would be malpractice, as it directly
You should check the patient for suspect disturbed thought processes related to depressed metabolism and altered cardiovascular and respiratory status. What is the rationale for orienting the patient to time, place, date, and events?
- A. Shows improved cognitive functioning
- B. Provides reality orientation to patient
- C. Permits evaluation of effectiveness of treatment
- D. Let the patient identify the time, place, date, and events correctly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Provides reality orientation to patient. Orienting the patient to time, place, date, and events helps them stay connected to reality and improves their awareness of their surroundings. This is crucial in assessing their cognitive functioning and ensuring they are grounded in the present moment. By providing reality orientation, healthcare providers can better understand the patient's current mental state and address any potential confusion or disorientation. This approach aids in establishing a therapeutic environment and enhances the patient's overall well-being. Choices A, C, and D do not capture the essence of reality orientation and its significance in maintaining the patient's mental clarity and connection to the present moment.
Which of the following cell types is primarily responsible for presenting antigens to T cells during the immune response?
- A. B cells
- B. Natural killer (NK) cells
- C. Macrophages
- D. Eosinophils
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Macrophages. Macrophages are antigen-presenting cells that engulf pathogens and present their antigens to T cells, initiating an immune response. They express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules necessary for T cell recognition. B cells also present antigens but primarily to B cells for antibody production. NK cells are involved in killing infected cells, not antigen presentation. Eosinophils are mainly involved in allergic responses and defense against parasites, not antigen presentation.
Which of the following is the best predictor of adolescents attempting suicide?
- A. Depressed mood
- B. Feeling of euphoria
- C. Joyful mood
- D. Feeling of hopelessness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Feeling of hopelessness. Adolescents who feel hopeless are at a higher risk of attempting suicide due to a lack of belief in positive outcomes. This feeling can lead to a sense of being trapped and unable to see a way out. Depressed mood (A) can contribute to suicide risk, but specifically feeling hopeless is a more direct predictor. Feeling of euphoria (B) and joyful mood (C) are actually less likely to be associated with suicide attempts, as they may temporarily mask underlying issues or provide a sense of distraction. Hopelessness is a key psychological factor that can lead to suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescents.