Which is the simple meaning of standards of nursing care?
- A. What protects the nurse
- B. How the nurse will behave
- C. How much work is done
- D. Ask the local offficials
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: How the nurse will behave. Standards of nursing care refer to the expected behaviors and practices that nurses should adhere to in providing quality care to patients. This encompasses ethical principles, professional conduct, and best practices in nursing. It is essential for nurses to follow these standards to ensure patient safety and quality outcomes.
Explanation:
- A: What protects the nurse. This choice is incorrect because standards of nursing care primarily focus on patient care and outcomes, rather than protecting the nurse.
- C: How much work is done. This choice is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the behaviors and practices expected of nurses in providing quality care.
- D: Ask the local officials. This choice is unrelated to the concept of standards of nursing care and is not relevant to the question.
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A patient presents with sudden-onset severe headache, vomiting, and altered mental status. Imaging reveals a noncontrast-enhancing hemorrhagic lesion within the subarachnoid space. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Ischemic stroke
- B. Subdural hematoma
- C. Intracerebral hemorrhage
- D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Subarachnoid hemorrhage. This condition presents with sudden-onset severe headache, vomiting, and altered mental status due to bleeding in the subarachnoid space. This type of hemorrhage is typically noncontrast-enhancing on imaging.
A: Ischemic stroke does not typically present with sudden-onset severe headache and vomiting.
B: Subdural hematoma usually presents with a slower onset of symptoms and often develops after head trauma.
C: Intracerebral hemorrhage presents with focal neurological deficits rather than altered mental status and vomiting.
In summary, based on the sudden onset of symptoms, imaging findings, and clinical presentation, subarachnoid hemorrhage is the most likely diagnosis in this case.
A nurse is teaching a patient about medication adherence. What approach by the nurse promotes patient empowerment and active participation in self-care?
- A. Providing written instructions and expecting compliance
- B. Demonstrating medication administration techniques
- C. Encouraging the patient to ask questions and express concerns
- D. Directing the patient to follow the healthcare provider's instructions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because encouraging the patient to ask questions and express concerns promotes patient empowerment and active participation in self-care. This approach fosters communication, understanding, and collaboration between the nurse and patient, leading to better medication adherence. Choice A is incorrect as it lacks patient involvement. Choice B is helpful but does not necessarily empower the patient. Choice D is directive and does not encourage active participation or empowerment.
At the pre-Entry phase, which of the following is the FIRST step in the CO-PAR process
- A. Survey the community
- B. Train technical working group
- C. Hold a community assembly
- D. Create a core group
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Create a core group. In the CO-PAR process, creating a core group is the first step in the pre-Entry phase as it establishes a team of committed individuals who will lead the participatory action research. This core group will provide leadership, coordination, and represent the diversity of the community. Surveying the community (choice A) comes after forming the core group to gather information. Training the technical working group (choice B) and holding a community assembly (choice C) are subsequent steps in the process after the core group is established.
Upon entry of the patient to ER, the nurse must FIRST perform which nursing intervention?
- A. Inject with rabies immune globulin.
- B. Cleanse the bite with soap and running water.
- C. Inject the rabies vaccine immediately.
- D. Administer the pain reliever, as ordered.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cleanse the bite with soap and running water. This is the first nursing intervention because it is crucial to prevent infection. Cleaning the bite area helps remove bacteria and debris, reducing the risk of infection. Injecting with rabies immune globulin (choice A) and rabies vaccine (choice C) should be done later as per protocol after assessing the situation. Administering pain reliever (choice D) is important but not the first priority in this scenario.
Which of the following situation is an example of incongruent message?
- A. When the nurse means what she says
- B. When the words and behavior of the nurse agree
- C. When what the nurse says and does do not agree
- D. When content and process agree
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Incongruent message occurs when verbal and nonverbal communication do not align.
Step 2: Choice C states "When what the nurse says and does do not agree," indicating a lack of alignment.
Step 3: This inconsistency can lead to confusion or mistrust in communication.
Step 4: Choices A, B, and D all describe situations with alignment between words and actions, making them congruent.
Summary: Choice C is correct as it exemplifies incongruent communication, while Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they describe congruent messages.