Nokea
When a pharmacoeconomic analysis looks at two or more treatment alternatives that are considered equal in efficacy and compares the costs of each it is referred to as:
- A. Cost-minimization analysis
- B. Cost-of-illness analysis
- C. Cost-effectiveness analysis
- D. Cost-benefit analysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cost-minimization analysis compares costs of equally effective treatments.
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Which of the following is not an indication that growth hormone supplements should be discontinued?
- A. Imaging indication of epiphyseal closure
- B. Growth curve increases have plateaued
- C. Complaints of mild bone pain
- D. Achievement of anticipated height goals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mild bone pain is a common side effect of growth hormone, not a stop signal; closure or plateau are.
A 26-year-old lady with primary infertility presents with hot flashes, nausea and a palpable adnexal mass.
- A. Clomiphene
- B. Hydrochlorothiazide
- C. Furosemide
- D. Mifepristone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clomiphene induces ovulation, with side effects including hot flashes and ovarian cysts.
A nurse in the operating room is caring for a client who received a dose of Succinylcholine. During the operation, the client suddenly develops rigidity, and his body temperature begins to rise. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following medications?
- A. Neostigmine
- B. Naloxone
- C. Dantrolene
- D. Vecuronium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dantrolene treats malignant hyperthermia, characterized by rigidity and hyperthermia.
Which of the following would be the best source of drug information for a nurse?
- A. Drug Facts and Comparisons book
- B. A nurse's drug guide
- C. A drug package insert
- D. The Physician's Drug Reference (PDR)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most user-friendly drug source for a nurse is a nurse's drug guidebook. A guide provides nursing implications and patient teaching points that are most useful to nurses. The Drug Facts and Comparisons book provides a wide range of drug information but is hard to manipulate and is very expensive. A package insert contains all of the chemical and drug company research information about a drug, however, the information can be difficult to understand and the print is very small. The PDR is heavily cross-referenced and difficult to use.
Jim is having a hip replacement surgery and would like to self-donate blood for the surgery. In addition to being prescribed epogen alpha he should also be prescribed:
- A. Folic acid to prevent megaloblastic anemia
- B. Iron, to start when the epogen starts
- C. An antihypertensive to counter the adverse effects of epogen
- D. Vitamin B12 to prevent pernicious anemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iron supports erythropoiesis with epoetin alfa; antihypertensives manage side effects, not prophylaxis.