Nokea
Anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids is determined by:
- A. Inhibition of phospholipase A2
- B. Activation of phospholipase A2
- C. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase type-1
- D. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase type-2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucocorticoids inhibit phospholipase A2, reducing the production of inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins.
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Which hormones are produces by pancreas?
- A. Calcitirne
- B. Corticotropin
- C. Insuline
- D. Dopamine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin and glucagon are produced by the pancreas, regulating blood glucose levels; the others are not pancreatic hormones.
A 27-year-old male is admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) after a serious motorcycle accident. The patient has a head injury, abrasions covering the left side of his body, a broken left femur, and internal injuries that are not fully assessed at this time. He is transferred from the ED to the ICU. The nurse who is going to care for this patient in the ICU knows that one of their most important responsibilities in regard to drug therapy is what?
- A. Support vital functions
- B. Continue curative treatment
- C. Institute life-saving treatment
- D. Monitor the patient's response
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monitoring drug response ensures timely adjustments in critical care, optimizing therapy amidst multiple injuries.
All the following statements regarding treatment of parkinson's disese are correct except
- A. Levodopa is usually administered alone (KAR93)
- B. Amantadine is effective in the treatment of early disease
- C. Bromocryptine is a useful dopamine receptor agonist
- D. Patient may require medication every 2 hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Levodopa is typically combined with carbidopa, not given alone.
As a clinical consultant for the Breathright drug research firm, you are given the task of using an in vitro assay to screen ten thousand drug analogs to find the most potent beta-2 receptor agonist. When analysing your data, the biomarker that you should screen for is:
- A. E max
- B. Emax
- C. EC50
- D. Half life
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Potency is measured by EC50 (dose producing 50% of max effect); lower EC50 indicates higher potency.
While providing medications to clients on the cardiac unit, the nurse anticipates that hydralazine hydrochloride and isosorbide dinitrate (BiDil) would most likely be prescribed for which of the following clients?
- A. A 48-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with atrial fibrillation
- B. A 55-year-old African American female diagnosed with hypertension
- C. A 63-year-old Caucasian female diagnosed with sick sinus syndrome
- D. A 64-year-old African American male diagnosed with heart failure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: BiDil (hydralazine/isosorbide) is FDA-approved specifically for heart failure in African Americans , showing improved outcomes in this population.