Nokea
When administering medication by IV bolus (push), the nurse will occlude the IV line by which method?
- A. Injecting the bolus without pinching the tubing
- B. Pinching the tubing just above the injection port
- C. Pinching the tubing just below the injection port
- D. Pinching the tubing just above the drip chamber of the infusion set
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Occluding the IV line by pinching the tubing just above the injection port prevents backflow and ensures the medication is delivered correctly during an IV bolus. The other methods are incorrect.
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The nurse has an order to administer an intramuscular (IM) immunization to a 2-month-old child. Which site is considered the best choice for this injection?
- A. Deltoid
- B. Dorsogluteal
- C. Ventrogluteal
- D. Vastus lateralis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The vastus lateralis is the preferred site for IM injections in infants due to its adequate muscle mass and lack of major nerves or blood vessels. The deltoid is used for older children and adults, the dorsogluteal site is not recommended due to nerve injury risk, and the ventrogluteal is preferred for adults and older children.
A patient is to receive hydromorphone 1.5 mg IV push now. The medication comes in a prefilled syringe, 2 mg/mL. Identify how many milliliters the nurse will administer for this dose.
Correct Answer: 0.75 mL
Rationale: To calculate: 2 mg/1 mL = 1.5 mg/x mL. Cross-multiply: (2 * x) = (1 * 1.5); 2x = 1.5; x = 1.5/2 = 0.75 mL.
The nurse is giving liquid medications through a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube. Which technique is correct?
- A. Administering the medications using a 3-mL medication syringe
- B. Applying firm pressure on the syringe's piston to infuse the medication
- C. Flushing the tubing with 30 mL of saline after the medication has been given
- D. Using the barrel of the syringe, allowing the medication to flow via gravity into the tube
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For PEG tubes, medications are poured into the syringe barrel with the piston removed, allowing gravity flow to prevent tube damage. A 3-mL syringe is too small, firm pressure is unsafe, and saline flush is incorrect (tap water is used).
A patient with asthma is to begin medication therapy using a metered-dose inhaler. What is an important reminder to include during teaching sessions with the patient?
- A. Repeat subsequent puffs, if ordered, after 5 minutes.
- B. Inhale slowly while pressing down to release the medication.
- C. Inhale quickly while pressing down to release the medication.
- D. Administer the inhaler while holding it 3 to 4 inches away from the mouth.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inhaling slowly while pressing the inhaler ensures proper medication delivery to the lungs. The inhaler should be 1-2 inches from the mouth or use a spacer, and subsequent puffs should be 1-2 minutes apart, not 5 minutes.
While the nurse is assisting a patient in taking his medications, the medication cup falls to the floor, spilling the tablets. What is the nurse's best action at this time?
- A. Discarding the medications and repeating preparation
- B. Asking the patient if he will take the medications
- C. Waiting until the next dose time, and then giving the medications
- D. Retrieving the medications and administering them to avoid waste
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Medications that fall to the floor are contaminated and must be discarded. The nurse should prepare a new dose to ensure safety. The other actions risk administering contaminated medication or delaying treatment.