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When assessing the development of a 15-month-old child with cerebral palsy, which of the following milestones should the nurse expect a toddler of this age to have achieved?
- A. Walking up steps.
- B. Using a spoon.
- C. Copying a circle.
- D. Putting a block in cup.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 15-month-old typically can put a block in a cup, a milestone achievable even with motor challenges from cerebral palsy, unlike the other options which require more advanced skills.
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Which of the following initial physical findings indicate the development of carditis in a child with rheumatic fever?
- A. Heart murmur.
- B. Low blood pressure.
- C. Irregular pulse.
- D. Anterior chest wall pain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A heart murmur is a hallmark of carditis in rheumatic fever, indicating valvular involvement. Other findings may occur but are less specific.
When developing a teaching plan for the parents of a child with Down syndrome, the nurse focuses on activities to increase which of the following for the parents?
- A. Affection for their child.
- B. Responsibility for their child's welfare.
- C. Understanding of their child's disability.
- D. Confidence in their ability to care for their child.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Building parental confidence empowers them to manage their child's needs effectively, fostering positive outcomes.
The nurse is teaching the parents of an infant with pyloric stenosis about postoperative care. Which instruction should be included?
- A. Resume regular formula immediately.
- B. Monitor for projectile vomiting.
- C. Keep the incision site covered with a bandage.
- D. Administer pain medication every 6 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring for projectile vomiting ensures early detection of surgical complications.
A 7-year-old child with a history of asthma controlled without medications is referred to the school nurse by the teacher because of persistent coughing. Which of the following should the nurse do first?
- A. Obtain the child's heart rate.
- B. Give the child a nebulizer treatment.
- C. Call a parent to obtain more information.
- D. Have a parent come and pick up the child.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calling a parent to obtain more information is the first step to clarify the child's asthma history, recent symptoms, and any prescribed medications, ensuring appropriate management of the persistent coughing.
An 11-year-old child has been diagnosed with Grave's disease and is to start drug therapy. Which of the following instructions should be included in the teaching plan for the child's mother and teacher?
- A. Continue with the same amount of schoolwork and homework.
- B. Understand that mood swings are rare with this disorder.
- C. Limit the amount of food that is offered to the child.
- D. Provide the child with a calm, nonstimulating environment.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A calm environment reduces stress and exacerbation of hyperthyroidism symptoms like anxiety. Schoolwork may need adjustment, mood swings are common, and food restriction is unnecessary.