Nokea
When caring for a client's tracheostomy at home, which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Clean with alcohol
- B. Cover the tracheostomy when outside
- C. Replace the tube weekly
- D. Use tap water to clean
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Covering the tracheostomy when outside is crucial as it helps prevent dust and other irritants from entering the airway, reducing the risk of complications. Cleaning with alcohol (choice A) can be too harsh for the skin around the tracheostomy site. While replacing the tube weekly (choice C) is important, it is typically done by healthcare providers. Using tap water to clean (choice D) is not recommended as it may introduce contaminants to the tracheostomy site.
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What are the complications of diabetes mellitus that a nurse should monitor for?
- A. Peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy
- B. All of the above
- C. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
- D. Nephropathy and cardiovascular disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Complications of diabetes mellitus that a nurse should monitor for include nephropathy and cardiovascular disease, in addition to diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, neuropathy, and retinopathy. While choices A and C mention some complications of diabetes, they do not cover all the complications that a nurse should monitor for. Choice B is incorrect as it suggests selecting all options, which is not accurate.
A client with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is being taught about self-administration of insulin by a nurse. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Store the current bottle of insulin at room temperature
- B. Massage the injection site after removing the needle
- C. Pull back on the plunger after injecting the insulin
- D. Use each syringe up to six times
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to store the current bottle of insulin at room temperature. Insulin should be stored this way to maintain its potency and effectiveness. Choice B is incorrect because massaging the injection site after removing the needle is not recommended practice and can cause bruising. Choice C is incorrect as pulling back on the plunger after injecting insulin can lead to injecting air bubbles into the tissue. Choice D is incorrect as syringes should not be reused multiple times due to the risk of contamination and inaccurate dosing.
A nurse is planning a staff education program to review nursing interventions for clients who have kidney failure. Which of the following sources should the nurse identify as the best resource for obtaining evidence-based information?
- A. The advice of an expert nephrology nurse
- B. Retrospective chart reviews
- C. Facility critical pathway
- D. A recent peer-reviewed nursing research article
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A peer-reviewed nursing research article is the best resource for obtaining evidence-based information because it provides the most current and reliable data on nursing interventions. Choice A, the advice of an expert nephrology nurse, may be helpful but could be based on individual experience rather than the latest research. Retrospective chart reviews (Choice B) focus on past cases and may not reflect current best practices. Facility critical pathways (Choice C) offer standardized care plans but may not always incorporate the most up-to-date evidence-based practices.
A client with diabetes mellitus is prescribed prednisone for a rash. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. I might have trouble falling asleep while taking prednisone
- B. I might feel emotional when I am on this medicine
- C. I might need to increase my regular insulin during this time
- D. I will gradually stop the prednisone when my rash goes away
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Prednisone should never be stopped abruptly; it must be tapered down. Stopping it suddenly can lead to adrenal insufficiency. Choices A, B, and C are all potential side effects or considerations when taking prednisone and do not indicate a need for further teaching.
A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter and a prescription for a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Wipe the area around the needleless port with sterile water
- B. Insert the syringe into the needleless port at a 60-degree angle
- C. Withdraw 3 to 5 ml of urine from the port
- D. Don sterile gloves
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take is to withdraw 3 to 5 ml of urine from the port for an accurate culture and sensitivity test. Wiping the area around the needleless port with sterile water (Choice A) is not necessary when obtaining a urine specimen. Inserting the syringe into the needleless port at a 60-degree angle (Choice B) is incorrect as it does not align with the correct procedure for obtaining a urine specimen. Donning sterile gloves (Choice D) is a good practice but not the immediate action required for obtaining a urine specimen.