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When children come to understand that people have thoughts, feelings, and beliefs that are different from their own. This is known as ----
- A. Egocentric theory
- B. Behavioral theory
- C. Cognitive theory
- D. Theory-of-mind
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Theory of mind, emerging around age 4, is the ability to understand others' mental states (Piaget, Vygotsky).
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Which term refers to individual beliefs and actions rooted in stereotype behaviors?
- A. Gender segregation
- B. Intersectional sexism
- C. Gender socialization
- D. Individual sexism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Individual sexism reflects personal stereotypical beliefs and actions.
Self is an ongoing process that combines the 'I' and 'ME'. The 'ME' refers to
- A. None of these
- B. All of these are correct
- C. The image we have of how other people react to us
- D. The spontaneous force that fosters unpredictable behavior
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The 'ME' (Mead) is the social self, shaped by others' perceptions.
The psychological test that measures the unconscious mind is
- A. Rorschach
- B. MMPI
- C. WAIS
- D. All of these
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rorschach inkblot test probes unconscious thoughts via interpretation.
Diverse cultural beliefs can result in dramatically varied perceptions of wellness, disease, and the treatment of disease. In order to best address these variations when planning nursing care, the nurse and client initially:
- A. Agree to respect each other's beliefs and values.
- B. Discuss what the client believes is the cause of his or her illness.
- C. Agree that treatment planning will include family members when possible.
- D. Discuss the incorporation of both traditional nursing practice and culturally based practices.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Discuss what the client believes is the cause of his or her illness. This is the best initial step to address cultural variations in perceptions of wellness and disease because it allows the nurse to understand the client's perspective and tailor care accordingly. By exploring the client's beliefs, the nurse can identify any cultural factors that may impact treatment decisions.
A: Agree to respect each other's beliefs and values - While important, this is a broader concept and may not directly address the specific cultural beliefs influencing the client's health views.
C: Agree that treatment planning will include family members when possible - Involving family members is valuable but may not directly address the immediate need to understand the client's beliefs about illness.
D: Discuss the incorporation of both traditional nursing practice and culturally based practices - This is important but may be premature without first understanding the client's specific beliefs about illness.
When communicating with a Muslim patient about end-of-life issues, which of the following statements best shows respect and mindfulness about Muslim beliefs?
- A. Death is expected soon
- B. We are fighting a losing battle
- C. We need to start considering options for hospice care
- D. No one knows when, where, or how someone will die
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This reflects Islamic belief in divine will, showing cultural sensitivity.