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When describing the concept of allostatic load to a group of students, which of the following would the instructor identify as abnormalities of which of the following as indicative of the overall changes?
- A. Nuclear imaging studies
- B. Laboratory test results
- C. Bone radiographs
- D. Cardiac studies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allostatic load reflects cumulative stress effects, often shown through abnormal laboratory test results (e.g., cortisol, inflammatory markers). Nuclear imaging, bone radiographs, and cardiac studies are less directly indicative of stress-related changes.
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A nurse is assessing a patient and uses the Recent Life Changes Questionnaire as part of the assessment. The nurse determines that the patient has experienced major life crisis with which score on the questionnaire?
- A. 150
- B. 250
- C. 350
- D. 450
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Recent Life Changes Questionnaire (based on the Holmes-Rahe Stress Scale) indicates a major life crisis with a score of 300 or higher, with 450 reflecting significant stress. Lower scores (150, 250) suggest moderate stress, and 350 is borderline but not definitive.
A nurse is providing an in-service presentation on coping and adaptation. Which of the following would the nurse most likely include? Select all that apply.
- A. Most coping strategies are similar in their approach.
- B. Coping when effective leads to adaptation.
- C. Reappraisal occurs simultaneously with coping.
- D. The same coping strategy is used in each situation.
- E. Coping is a deliberate and planned effort to manage stress.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Effective coping leads to adaptation (B), reappraisal occurs with coping (C) as part of ongoing stress evaluation, and coping is deliberate and planned (E). Coping strategies vary (A is false), and different strategies are used per situation (D is false).
A nurse has completed an assessment of a patient who is experiencing significant stress. The assessment revealed intense anger and acting out behaviors along with statements of negative emotions. Which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate?
- A. Disturbed thought processes
- B. Low self-esteem
- C. Hopelessness
- D. Ineffective coping
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Intense anger, acting out, and negative emotions indicate ineffective coping, as the patient struggles to manage stress adaptively. Disturbed thought processes, low self-esteem, and hopelessness may be present but are less directly tied to the described behaviors.
A nurse is assessing a patient and the patient?s social networks. When evaluating this area, the nurse integrates knowledge that which of the following is an important component?
- A. Blood relationships
- B. Bonding with one another
- C. Reciprocity
- D. Emotional support
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reciprocity, the mutual exchange of support, is a key component of social networks, fostering interdependence. Blood relationships, bonding, and emotional support are important but secondary to the structural aspect of reciprocity.
A patient has come to the clinic to discuss the stress she is experiencing because of failing two exams at school. Initially, she described her failures as the worst thing that has ever happened to me, and she stated, 'There is absolutely nothing I can do to pass this course now.' In response to the nurse?s questions, the nurse finds out there are three more equally weighted exams scheduled for the course in question. The nurse and patient collaborate and decide to use interventions to facilitate emotion-focused coping. Which additional comment from the patient would the nurse identify as providing support for this decision?
- A. You?ve got to figure out something for me to do to get me out of this situation!
- B. This is a waste of time because absolutely nothing you or I can do will make it any better.
- C. I overreacted; surely together we can figure out something for me to do.
- D. This is the worst thing that could ever happen to me. I?m nothing but a failure.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The comment 'I overreacted; surely together we can figure out something' supports emotion-focused coping by acknowledging exaggerated emotions and openness to collaboration, aligning with managing feelings. Other comments reflect helplessness or problem-focused demands.