Nokea
When do the testes begin to descend?
- A. at birth
- B. two months after birth
- C. two months prior to birth
- D. in the fifth month of pregnancy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: in the fifth month of pregnancy. The testes begin to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum during the fifth month of pregnancy. This process is crucial for proper development and function of the testes. Descending at this stage allows for the testes to be positioned outside the body, which is essential for sperm production as it requires a slightly lower temperature than the internal body temperature.
Summary:
A: at birth - Incorrect, as the descent of the testes occurs during fetal development, not at birth.
B: two months after birth - Incorrect, as the descent happens during pregnancy, not after birth.
C: two months prior to birth - Incorrect, as the descent occurs during pregnancy, not prior to birth.
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After a 26-yr-old patient has been treated for pelvic inflammatory disease, the nurse will plan to teach about the
- A. use of hormone therapy (HT).
- B. potential complication of infertility.
- C. irregularities in the menstrual cycle
- D. changes in secondary sex characteristics.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B - potential complication of infertility. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can lead to scarring and damage to the reproductive organs, increasing the risk of infertility. Teaching about this potential complication is crucial for the patient's understanding of the long-term consequences of PID. Option A (use of hormone therapy) is not directly related to PID treatment. Option C (irregularities in the menstrual cycle) may occur but is not the primary concern post-PID treatment. Option D (changes in secondary sex characteristics) is not a common complication of PID. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate choice for teaching post-PID treatment.
One treatment for erectile dysfunction requires the injection of a substance into the corpora cavernosa of the penis. The injection of which of the following causes an erection?
- A. Norepinephrine
- B. A substance that inhibits formation of nitric oxide
- C. Alprostadil
- D. Angiotensin II
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alprostadil is the correct answer because it is a prostaglandin E1 analog that dilates blood vessels in the corpora cavernosa, promoting blood flow and causing an erection. Norepinephrine (choice A) constricts blood vessels and inhibits erection. A substance that inhibits nitric oxide formation (choice B) is counterproductive as nitric oxide is essential for vasodilation. Angiotensin II (choice D) constricts blood vessels and does not promote erection. Therefore, C is the correct choice for inducing an erection through vasodilation in the corpora cavernosa.
Chemotherapeutic agents affect cancer cells by
- A. destroying all affected tumor tissue
- B. preventing antigen-antibody response
- C. interfering with manufacture of cellular nucleic acids
- D. encouraging normal cells to overtake cancer cells
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemotherapy works by interfering with the ability of cancer cells to divide and grow.
This connects the ovary to the uterus.
- A. Vagina
- B. Cervix
- C. Fallopian tube
- D. perineorrhaphy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cervix. The cervix is the narrow passage that connects the uterus to the vagina. It acts as a barrier between the uterus and the outside environment. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Vagina is the birth canal and does not directly connect the ovary to the uterus. C: Fallopian tube connects the ovary to the uterus but does not directly attach to it. D: Perineorrhaphy is a surgical procedure to repair the perineum and is not related to connecting the ovary to the uterus.
Anterior to the vagina and urethral openings is the
- A. Labia majora
- B. Labia minor
- C. Mons pubis
- D. Cervical sphincter
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Labia majora. The labia majora are located anterior to the vagina and urethral openings, providing protection and support. The labia minora are internal to the labia majora. The mons pubis is the rounded mass of fatty tissue located over the pubic symphysis. Cervical sphincter is not a relevant anatomical structure in this context. Therefore, the labia majora is the correct choice based on its anatomical location and function.