Nokea
When does threatened abortion occur?
- A. The patient experiences slight vaginal bleeding through an undilated cervix.
- B. The patient experiences heavy bleeding and cervical dilation.
- C. The patient experiences severe cramping and heavy bleeding.
- D. The patient experiences painless bleeding and an open cervix.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Threatened abortion occurs when the patient experiences slight vaginal bleeding through an undilated cervix. This is characterized by bleeding without cervical dilation, distinguishing it from inevitable abortion (heavy bleeding and cervical dilation), incomplete abortion (severe cramping and heavy bleeding), and missed abortion (painless bleeding and an open cervix).
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Incomplete abortion is characterized by:
- A. Heavy bleeding.
- B. Open os.
- C. Severe cramping.
- D. Light bleeding.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Incomplete abortion is characterized by an open os, which means that the cervix is dilated, allowing for passage of tissue. This condition typically presents with heavy bleeding as parts of the products of conception are expelled. Severe cramping may also be present due to uterine contractions. Therefore, the correct characteristic of incomplete abortion is an open os (Choice B). Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as heavy bleeding and severe cramping are symptoms associated with incomplete abortion, but they do not specifically define it, and light bleeding is not characteristic of incomplete abortion.
Outlet of the true pelvis anteriorly bounded by:
- A. Ischiopubic arch (T)
- B. Linea terminalis (F)
- C. Coccyx (T)
- D. Promontory of the sacrum (F)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ischiopubic arch. The outlet of the true pelvis is indeed anteriorly bounded by the ischiopubic arch, which consists of the ischium and the pubic bones. This structure forms the lower boundary of the pelvic outlet. The other choices, B, C, and D, are incorrect. The linea terminalis (pelvic brim) forms the upper boundary of the true pelvis, the coccyx is part of the bony pelvis but does not bound the pelvic outlet anteriorly, and the promontory of the sacrum is located in the posterior part of the pelvis, not the anterior boundary of the pelvic outlet.
What prompted Zambia to implement family planning services?
- A. The nation started to experience the effects of rapid population growth on the economy and individual welfare.
- B. Donors provided free family planning pills.
- C. Mothers were delivering twice a year.
- D. There were too many abortions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Rapid population growth's impact on the economy and individual welfare prompted Zambia to implement family planning services. This is because a rapidly growing population can strain resources, lead to unemployment, poverty, and inadequate access to healthcare. Choice B is incorrect because the provision of free family planning pills by donors may have been a subsequent intervention rather than the initial reason for implementing family planning services. Choice C is irrelevant as the frequency of deliveries by mothers does not directly relate to the implementation of family planning services. Choice D is also incorrect as high abortion rates may be a consequence of inadequate family planning services rather than the reason for their implementation.
Which of the following are types of induced abortions?
- A. Therapeutic abortion
- B. Missed abortion
- C. Inevitable abortion
- D. Threatened abortion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, therapeutic abortion, which is a type of induced abortion performed for medical reasons. Missed abortion, inevitable abortion, and threatened abortion are types of spontaneous abortions, not induced abortions. Missed abortion refers to a non-viable pregnancy, inevitable abortion is a miscarriage that cannot be stopped, and threatened abortion is when there is bleeding during pregnancy without cervical dilation.
What is the measurement of the breast areola?
- A. 3.5cm
- B. 2.5cm
- C. 4.5cm
- D. 1.5cm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.