Nokea
When does threatened abortion occur?
- A. The patient experiences slight vaginal bleeding through an undilated cervix.
- B. The patient experiences heavy bleeding and cervical dilation.
- C. The patient experiences severe cramping and heavy bleeding.
- D. The patient experiences painless bleeding and an open cervix.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Threatened abortion occurs when the patient experiences slight vaginal bleeding through an undilated cervix. This is characterized by bleeding without cervical dilation, distinguishing it from inevitable abortion (heavy bleeding and cervical dilation), incomplete abortion (severe cramping and heavy bleeding), and missed abortion (painless bleeding and an open cervix).
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Which space is present between the bladder and the uterus?
- A. Vesico-uterine pouch
- B. Pubovesical pouch
- C. Retro-uterine pouch
- D. Recto-uterine pouch
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the vesico-uterine pouch. This space is specifically located between the bladder and the uterus. The pubovesical pouch is incorrect as it refers to the space between the pubic bone and the bladder. The retro-uterine pouch, also known as the pouch of Douglas, is located between the uterus and rectum. The recto-uterine pouch is not a recognized anatomical term, making it an incorrect choice.
What are the Carunculae Myrtiformes?
- A. Tissues between the vagina and the perineum
- B. A component of the clitoral prepuce
- C. The remnants of the torn hymen
- D. Structures that partially close the vaginal introitus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Carunculae Myrtiformes are the remnants of the torn hymen. They are not tissues between the vagina and the perineum (Choice A), a part of the clitoral prepuce (Choice B), or structures that partially close the vaginal introitus (Choice D). Understanding the anatomy of the female reproductive system is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide accurate care and information.
Which of the following is a function of the placenta?
- A. The placenta secretes insulin.
- B. The placenta facilitates the exchange of gases and nutrients between mother and fetus.
- C. The placenta provides immunological protection to the fetus.
- D. The placenta stores fat-soluble vitamins for the fetus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The placenta serves as a crucial organ during pregnancy, facilitating the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) and nutrients (such as glucose and amino acids) between the mother and the developing fetus. This exchange is vital for the fetus's growth and development. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The placenta does not secrete insulin; insulin is produced by the pancreas. While the placenta provides some immune support to the fetus, its main role is not immunological protection. Additionally, storing fat-soluble vitamins is not a primary function of the placenta.
What is the primary purpose of using pethidine?
- A. Relieve constriction ring.
- B. Relieve pain.
- C. Affect milk production.
- D. Induce labor.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Discuss the anatomical/physiological changes in pregnancy under the following: Cardiovascular system
- A. The heart is displaced upward and to the left by the enlarging uterus, cardiac capacity increases, and blood pressure declines slightly.
- B. The heart is displaced downward and to the right, and blood pressure increases.
- C. The cardiovascular system remains unchanged during pregnancy.
- D. Cardiovascular changes include increased peripheral resistance and reduced cardiac output.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During pregnancy, the cardiovascular system undergoes changes such as the heart being displaced upward and to the left by the enlarging uterus, increased cardiac capacity, and a slight decline in blood pressure. Choice B is incorrect as the heart is displaced upwards, not downwards, and blood pressure typically decreases slightly. Choice C is incorrect as the cardiovascular system does undergo changes during pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as cardiovascular changes in pregnancy involve increased cardiac output rather than reduced output.