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When reviewing the literature on the effects of Medicaid on health care for the poor, the nurse researcher found that the poor:
- A. have less access than even the uninsured.
- B. receive many unnecessary treatments.
- C. lack consistent providers.
- D. abuse preventive services.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because lacking consistent providers is a common issue among the poor utilizing Medicaid. This impacts continuity of care, leading to fragmented health services and poor health outcomes. Choice A is incorrect as Medicaid does provide some level of access to healthcare. Choice B is incorrect as unnecessary treatments are not a common issue among the poor on Medicaid. Choice D is incorrect as preventive services are underutilized rather than abused by the poor on Medicaid.
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What are general explanations that scholars use to explain, predict, control, and understand commonly occurring events?
- A. Theories
- B. Constructs
- C. Systems
- D. Propositions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Theories. Theories are comprehensive explanations that scholars use to understand commonly occurring events by organizing and explaining a set of principles or laws. Theories help in predicting and controlling events based on established frameworks. Constructs (B) refer to abstract concepts within theories, systems (C) are organized structures of elements, and propositions (D) are statements that describe relationships between concepts, but they do not provide the comprehensive explanations that theories do.
A comparison of nursing in the 1980s to nursing in the 1990s reveals that:
- A. in the 1990s nursing experienced a significant reduction occurred in preventable diseases caused by unsafe/unhealthy lifestyles.
- B. tuberculosis was the primary concern for nursing in the 1980s, whereas the AIDS epidemic emerged and was its focus during the 1990s.
- C. a decrease in ambulatory services in the 1980s prompted an increase in public health nurses in the 1990s.
- D. the demand for advanced practice nurses increased in the 1980s and the 1990s as a result of the economy and concern about the health of the nation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it accurately reflects the shift in focus from tuberculosis in the 1980s to the emergence of the AIDS epidemic in the 1990s in the field of nursing. Tuberculosis was a major concern in the 1980s, and the AIDS epidemic became a primary focus in the 1990s.
Choice A is incorrect because it discusses preventable diseases caused by unsafe lifestyles, which is not directly related to the comparison of nursing between the two decades.
Choice C is incorrect because it mentions a decrease in ambulatory services in the 1980s leading to an increase in public health nurses in the 1990s, which is not supported by the historical context of nursing during those decades.
Choice D is incorrect because it suggests that the demand for advanced practice nurses increased in both the 1980s and the 1990s due to economic reasons and national health concerns, which is not specifically relevant to the comparison between nursing in the two decades.
A registered nurse is on break and checking e-mails. One e-mail contains a picture of a celebrity who is a patient in the hospital, and on the same floor, where the nurse works. Included with the photo is a message, "check out my Facebook," which contains additional photographs of the patient. The nurse immediately deletes the picture to prevent having to report the "friend" to supervisors. Based on the action of the nurse who received the message, which statement is correct?
- A. The nurse is not at risk for having his or her license suspended since removing the photos made them temporary and invisible to all others.
- B. Because the nurse did not send the message and immediately deleted the photo, there is no risk for discipline.
- C. Failing to report receiving the message demonstrates poor ethical and legal role-modeling as well as placing the nurse at risk for discipline.
- D. Because the patient is on the same floor as the one on which the nurse works, the information can be ethically and legally shared.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The nurse is at risk for discipline because failing to report the receipt of the message demonstrates poor ethical and legal role-modeling. By deleting the photo and not reporting the incident, the nurse is not upholding patient confidentiality and is potentially violating privacy laws. Sharing patient information, even if the patient is on the same floor, is unethical and illegal. Choices A and B are incorrect because simply deleting the photos does not absolve the nurse from potential consequences, and not being the sender does not excuse the nurse from being responsible for maintaining patient confidentiality. Choice D is incorrect because sharing patient information without authorization is a violation of ethical and legal standards.
A nurse would like to obtain background information and learn the political platform of a candidate who is running for national office. The nurse should contact the:
- A. National Registry for Candidates.
- B. American Nurses Association Nurses Strategic Action Team (N-STAT).
- C. National League of Nurses.
- D. National Council of State Boards of Nursing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: American Nurses Association Nurses Strategic Action Team (N-STAT).
Rationale:
1. N-STAT is a strategic action team within the American Nurses Association, which is a reputable organization representing nurses' interests.
2. N-STAT focuses on political advocacy and provides information on political platforms of candidates running for national office.
3. Contacting N-STAT would provide the nurse with accurate and relevant information about the candidate's political platform.
Summary of other choices:
A: National Registry for Candidates - Not a known entity, unlikely to provide specific political platform information.
C: National League of Nurses - Focuses on nursing education and standards, not political platforms.
D: National Council of State Boards of Nursing - Focuses on regulatory aspects of nursing practice, not political platforms.
A nurse is assigned to a unit where 95% of all patients required total care. Most days the assistive personnel are able to complete their assignments and provide high-quality care. A patient returning from a procedure was somehow "skipped" when daily baths were performed and requests that her care now be provided. The nurse discovers the bed is rumpled and damp. The RN joins with some other staff to bathe the patient, change the bed, and help make the patient comfortable. These staff members are demonstrating:
- A. altruism.
- B. veracity.
- C. autonomy.
- D. whistle-blowing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: altruism. Altruism is the selfless concern for the wellbeing of others, which is demonstrated by the staff members helping the patient in need without hesitation. In this scenario, the staff members are putting the patient's needs above their own, showing compassion and empathy. This aligns with the principle of altruism in nursing, where caregivers prioritize the welfare of their patients.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: Veracity refers to truthfulness and honesty. While these are important traits in nursing, they are not the focus of the staff members' actions in this scenario.
C: Autonomy is the right of individuals to make decisions about their own care. In this situation, the patient is not exercising autonomy, but rather relying on the staff for assistance.
D: Whistle-blowing involves reporting unethical or illegal behavior within an organization. There is no indication of any wrongdoing that would require whistle-blowing in this scenario.