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When studying for an epidemiology quiz, what does public health nursing surveillance involve?
- A. Having all carriers transferred to one main facility for care
- B. Gathering data to work toward primary illness prevention
- C. Establishing the incubation period of a disease
- D. Determining the colonization rate of the disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct:
1. Public health nursing surveillance involves gathering data to prevent illnesses before they occur.
2. Surveillance helps identify trends and risk factors for diseases to inform prevention strategies.
3. By focusing on primary prevention, surveillance aims to reduce the burden of disease on populations.
4. Choice A is incorrect as it does not align with the purpose of surveillance.
5. Choice C is incorrect as establishing the incubation period is part of disease investigation, not surveillance.
6. Choice D is incorrect as colonization rate determination is more focused on transmission dynamics, not surveillance.
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As an important tool for planning a community health survey was conducted, the first tangible outcome of collaboration and teamwork with the Local Health Department and its Rural Health Units (RHUs) was observed. This later led to case findings activities via collection and examination of stools from children for suspected parasitism. Which of the following community nursing diagnoses will guide the Parish Health Team for concrete action?
- A. Parasitism as a foreseeable crisis
- B. Malnutrition as a health deficit
- C. Parasitism as a health deficit
- D. Parasitism as a health threat
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Parasitism as a health threat. This diagnosis guides the Parish Health Team to take concrete action because parasitism poses a direct risk to the community's health. By identifying parasitism as a health threat, the team can prioritize interventions to prevent and control the spread of parasites, ensuring the well-being of the population.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect:
A: Parasitism as a foreseeable crisis - This choice does not provide a clear direction for action and lacks a sense of urgency compared to a health threat.
B: Malnutrition as a health deficit - While malnutrition is a significant issue, the question specifically mentions suspected parasitism as the focus of case findings activities.
C: Parasitism as a health deficit - This choice does not emphasize the immediate danger posed by parasitism, unlike the concept of a health threat.
All of the following are characteristics of the Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) except:
- A. Comprehensive in scope of care
- B. Guarantees safety at home
- C. Patient needs come first
- D. Providers work together
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Guarantees safety at home. PCMH focuses on providing patient-centered, comprehensive, coordinated care with an emphasis on patient needs and involving a team of healthcare providers. Safety at home is not a direct characteristic of PCMH. Other choices (A, C, D) align with the core principles of PCMH - comprehensive care, patient-centered approach, and collaborative teamwork among providers.
What are the steps involved in the community assessment process for community health nurses? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Writing a community diagnosis
- B. Evaluating the outcomes
- C. Collecting assessment data
- D. Identifying the cause of the problem, planning community interventions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Identifying the cause of the problem, planning community interventions. This step is crucial in the community assessment process as it helps community health nurses understand the root cause of health issues and develop effective interventions. First, identifying the cause allows for targeted interventions. Second, planning interventions ensures that resources are allocated efficiently. Writing a community diagnosis (A) is an important step but comes after identifying the cause. Evaluating outcomes (B) is necessary but occurs after interventions are implemented. Collecting assessment data (C) is an initial step but does not encompass the entire community assessment process.
Identifying that numerous factors influence chronic illnesses such as hypertension, which of the following would be an upstream factor to enhance health outcomes for adults with hypertension in the community?
- A. Nutritional classes featuring low-fat and low-carb choices.
- B. Motivational interviewing sessions for smoking cessation.
- C. Working with the public health department to restrict smoking in public.
- D. Initiating chair yoga classes for seniors in the community.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because working with the public health department to restrict smoking in public is an upstream factor that addresses the root cause of hypertension by reducing exposure to a risk factor (smoking). This approach focuses on population-level interventions to prevent the development of chronic illnesses.
A is incorrect as nutritional classes address individual behaviors, not population-level factors. B focuses on individual behavior change related to smoking, which is downstream from the root cause of hypertension. D is also incorrect as chair yoga classes, while beneficial for seniors, do not address the underlying factors contributing to hypertension in the community.
Why is it difficult to get others interested in environmental health?
- A. Environmental problems are not perceived as interesting or dramatic.
- B. It is difficult to get the media interested.
- C. People respond more to an acute crisis than chronic environmental problems.
- D. People respond more to an individual asking for help than a community asking for help.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because people tend to respond more to immediate and acute crises rather than chronic environmental issues, which may not have immediate visible impacts. This is known as the "finite pool of worry" theory. People prioritize urgent problems over long-term issues. This is why it is difficult to get others interested in environmental health, as they may not perceive the gradual degradation of the environment as an urgent matter. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not address the fundamental psychological and behavioral aspect of human response to environmental issues.