Nokea
When teaching a client with cystitis about urinary tract irritants, the nurse correctly identifies which of the following substances as potential irritants to avoid? Select all that apply.
- A. Alcohol
- B. Milk
- C. Tea
- D. Chocolate
- E. Coffee
- F. Pears
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Alcohol, tea, and coffee are bladder irritants that can exacerbate cystitis symptoms, while milk and pears are generally neutral.
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Which statements made by a diabetic client at the clinic strongly suggest that the client has a urinary tract infection? Select all that apply.
- A. I need to urinate frequently.
- B. I can't hold my urine.
- C. I have a burning sensation when I urinate.
- D. I have a burning sensation when I urinate.
- E. I pass a large quantity of urine.
- F. My urine is foul-smelling.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,F
Rationale: Frequent urination, inability to hold urine, burning sensation, and foul-smelling urine are classic symptoms of a urinary tract infection.
The nurse is caring for a pregnant client diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. Which scientific rationale supports the client being hospitalized for this condition?
- A. The client must be treated aggressively to prevent maternal/fetal complications.
- B. The nurse can force the client to drink fluids and avoid nausea and vomiting.
- C. The client will be dehydrated and there won’t be sufficient blood flow to the baby.
- D. Pregnant clients historically are afraid to take the antibiotics as ordered.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy risks maternal sepsis and fetal complications (e.g., preterm labor). Hospitalization ensures aggressive IV antibiotic treatment and monitoring. Dehydration and antibiotic fears are secondary concerns.
Which statement indicates the client diagnosed with calcium phosphate renal calculi understands the discharge teaching for ways to prevent future calculi formation?
- A. I should increase my fluid intake, especially in warm weather.'
- B. I should eat foods containing cocoa and chocolate.'
- C. I will walk about a mile every week and not exercise often.'
- D. I should take one (1) vitamin a day with extra calcium.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased fluid intake dilutes urine, reducing calcium phosphate stone formation, especially in warm weather when dehydration risk is higher. Cocoa/chocolate, minimal exercise, and extra calcium increase stone risk.
The client is diagnosed with a uric acid stone. Which foods should the client eliminate from the diet to help prevent reoccurrence?
- A. Beer and colas.
- B. Asparagus and cabbage.
- C. Venison and sardines.
- D. Cheese and eggs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Uric acid stones are linked to high purine intake. Venison and sardines are high-purine foods, increasing uric acid production. Beer/colas affect hydration, asparagus/cabbage are low-purine, and cheese/eggs are less relevant.
Which outcome should the nurse identify for the client diagnosed with fluid volume excess?
- A. The client will void a minimum of 30 mL per hour.
- B. The client will have elastic skin turgor.
- C. The client will have no adventitious breath sounds.
- D. The client will have a serum creatinine of 1.4 mg/dL.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: No adventitious breath sounds (e.g., crackles) indicates resolution of pulmonary edema from fluid volume excess. Adequate urine output and elastic skin turgor are normal but not specific, and creatinine reflects renal function, not fluid status.