Nokea
When teaching a patient about weight reduction diets
- A. the nurse teaches the patient that an appropriate single serving of a food is
- B. a 6-inch bagel.
- C. 1 cup of chopped vegetables.
- D. a piece of cheese the size of three dice.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A serving of protein is typically the size of a deck of cards (approximately 3-4 oz), which helps patients understand appropriate portion sizes.
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Occult fecal blood test would be helpful in discovering:
- A. colonic carcinoma
- B. malabsorption syndrome
- C. both
- D. neither
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The occult fecal blood test detects hidden blood in the stool, which can be an early sign of colonic carcinoma. This test is not specific for malabsorption syndrome, making option B incorrect. Option C is incorrect because the test is primarily used for detecting colonic carcinoma. Option D is incorrect as the test can aid in the discovery of colonic carcinoma.
A nurse is caring for a client who has an active upper gastrointestinal bleed. After inserting a NG tube into the client, which of the following findings should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Frothy pink drainage
- B. Dark amber drainage
- C. Coffee-ground drainage
- D. Greenish-yellow drainage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Coffee-ground drainage. This indicates upper GI bleed, where blood mixes with gastric acid, forming a coffee-ground appearance. Frothy pink drainage (A) is more common in respiratory issues. Dark amber drainage (B) is typical for lower GI bleeds. Greenish-yellow drainage (D) is not associated with GI bleeding. In this case, the nurse should monitor for coffee-ground drainage to assess the severity of the upper GI bleed.
Which two regions of a tooth contain living cells?
- A. dentin and enamel
- B. anatomical crown and cementum
- C. enamel and cementum
- D. dentin and cementum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Dentin and cementum are the two regions of a tooth that contain living cells. Dentin is the hard tissue beneath the enamel and cementum that forms the bulk of the tooth structure. It contains living cells called odontoblasts responsible for dentin formation. Cementum is the hard tissue covering the tooth root and is essential for anchoring the tooth in the jawbone. Cementum contains living cells called cementoblasts responsible for cementum formation. Therefore, both dentin and cementum are vital regions of a tooth that house living cells involved in tooth development and maintenance.
A: Dentin and enamel - Enamel is the outermost layer of the tooth and does not contain living cells.
B: Anatomical crown and cementum - Anatomical crown is not a region of the tooth containing living cells.
C: Enamel and cementum - Enamel does not contain living cells, only mineralized structures.
Ferritin is a globular protein that transports and stores ______ in the liver and blood.
- A. glycogen
- B. lipids
- C. vitamin B12
- D. iron
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: iron. Ferritin is a protein that binds and stores iron in the liver and blood. It plays a crucial role in regulating iron levels in the body. Glycogen (A) is a storage form of glucose, not stored by ferritin. Lipids (B) are not stored by ferritin either. Vitamin B12 (C) is mainly stored in the liver bound to specific proteins, not ferritin. Iron is the correct answer as it aligns with the main function of ferritin in iron transport and storage.
A patient with an obstruction of the common bile duct has clay-colored fatty stools, among other manifestations. What is the pathophysiologic change that causes this clinical manifestation?
- A. Soluble bilirubin in the blood excreted into the urine
- B. Absence of bile salts in the intestine and duodenum, preventing fat emulsion and digestion
- C. Contraction of the inflamed gallbladder and obstructed ducts, stimulated by cholecystokinin when fats enter the duodenum
- D. Obstruction of the common duct prevents bile drainage into the duodenum, resulting in congestion of bile in the liver and subsequent absorption into the blood
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The absence of bile salts in the intestine due to obstruction prevents fat emulsification and digestion, leading to fatty stools (steatorrhea).