Nokea
Which nursing action is appropriate when coaching obese adults enrolled in a behavior modification program?
- A. Having the adults write down the caloric intake of each meal
- B. Asking the adults about situations that tend to increase appetite
- C. Suggesting that the adults plan rewards, such as sugarless candy, for achieving their goals
- D. Encouraging the adults to eat small amounts frequently rather than having scheduled meals Name: ID: A
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because asking about situations that tend to increase appetite helps identify triggers for overeating, aiding in behavior modification. This approach targets the root cause of overeating.
A is incorrect as focusing solely on caloric intake may not address emotional or situational triggers for overeating.
C is incorrect as suggesting rewards like sugarless candy may not address the underlying behaviors contributing to obesity.
D is incorrect as eating small amounts frequently may not address the behavioral and psychological aspects of overeating.
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Ferritin is a globular protein that transports and stores ______ in the liver and blood.
- A. glycogen
- B. lipids
- C. vitamin B12
- D. iron
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: iron. Ferritin is a protein that binds and stores iron in the liver and blood. It plays a crucial role in regulating iron levels in the body. Glycogen (A) is a storage form of glucose, not stored by ferritin. Lipids (B) are not stored by ferritin either. Vitamin B12 (C) is mainly stored in the liver bound to specific proteins, not ferritin. Iron is the correct answer as it aligns with the main function of ferritin in iron transport and storage.
The _____ are vessels that project into the villi and absorb fatty substances.
- A. lacteals
- B. lymphatics
- C. veins
- D. arteries
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: lacteals. Lacteals are specialized lymphatic vessels located in the villi of the small intestine. They are responsible for absorbing dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins. Lymphatics (choice B) are a broader term for lymphatic vessels and nodes. Veins (choice C) are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Arteries (choice D) are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Therefore, only lacteals specifically project into the villi and absorb fatty substances, making them the correct choice.
The actions of secretin include:
- A. Increased salivary secretion
- B. Relaxation of the oesophageal sphincters
- C. Stimulation of gastric secretion
- D. Stimulation of secretion of bicarbonate by pancreatic duct cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because secretin is a hormone that stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate by pancreatic duct cells. This helps neutralize the acidic chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach. A is incorrect because secretin does not directly affect salivary secretion. B is incorrect because secretin does not relax the esophageal sphincters. C is incorrect because secretin inhibits gastric secretion rather than stimulating it. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it aligns with the physiological role of secretin in pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.
The home health nurse is caring for a patient with tuberculosis who is taking rifampin and isoniazid (INH). The nurse should carefully monitor the patient for which potential side effect?
- A. Gallstones
- B. Liver disorders
- C. Bleeding ulcers
- D. Esophagitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver disorders. Rifampin and isoniazid are known to cause hepatotoxicity as a potential side effect. The combination of these two medications can lead to liver damage, making it crucial for the nurse to monitor liver function tests regularly. Gallstones (A), bleeding ulcers (C), and esophagitis (D) are not typically associated with rifampin and isoniazid therapy. Monitoring for liver disorders is essential due to the risk of hepatotoxicity with these medications.
Donald is a 61 y.o. man with diverticulitis. Diverticulitis is characterized by:
- A. Periodic rectal hemorrhage.
- B. Hypertension and tachycardia.
- C. Vomiting and elevated temperature.
- D. Crampy and lower left quadrant pain and low-grade fever.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because diverticulitis typically presents with crampy pain in the lower left quadrant of the abdomen and a low-grade fever. This is due to inflammation or infection of the diverticula.
A: Periodic rectal hemorrhage is more characteristic of diverticular bleeding, not diverticulitis.
B: Hypertension and tachycardia are not typically associated with diverticulitis but may occur in severe cases or with complications.
C: Vomiting and elevated temperature can occur but are not as specific to diverticulitis as the combination of symptoms described in option D.