Which of the following enzymes is involved in the breakdown of proteins?
- A. amylase
- B. lipase
- C. pepsin
- D. maltase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: pepsin. Pepsin is an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps break down proteins into peptides. It works in a highly acidic environment, denaturing proteins. Amylase (A) breaks down carbohydrates, lipase (B) breaks down fats, and maltase (D) breaks down maltose into glucose. Pepsin is specifically designed to target proteins, making it the correct choice.
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Which of the following tubes is surgically inserted into the abdomen but goes to the small intestine?
- A. Orogastric tube
- B. Nasogastric tube
- C. Jejunostomy tube
- D. Gastrostomy tube
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A jejunostomy tube is placed directly into the small intestine for enteral feeding in clients who cannot tolerate gastric feedings.
Which of these is the main function of the large intestine?
- A. absorption of nutrients
- B. secretion of digestive enzymes
- C. formation and elimination of feces
- D. digestion of proteins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: formation and elimination of feces. The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes, form feces by compacting and storing waste material, and eliminate feces through defecation. This process helps maintain the body's fluid balance and eliminates waste. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine, secretion of digestive enzymes mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, and digestion of proteins mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, not the large intestine.
Which information will the nurse include when teaching a patient how to avoid chronic constipation? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Stimulant and saline laxatives can be used regularly.
- B. Bulk-forming laxatives are an excellent source of fiber.
- C. Walking or cycling frequently will help bowel motility.
- D. A good time for a bowel movement may be after breakfast.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bulk-forming laxatives are an excellent source of fiber. Fiber helps to soften stools, regulate bowel movements, and prevent constipation. By increasing fiber intake through bulk-forming laxatives or dietary sources, the patient can promote regularity and prevent chronic constipation.
Explanation for incorrect choices:
A: Stimulant and saline laxatives can cause dependency and are not recommended for regular use as they can disrupt the natural bowel function.
C: While physical activity like walking or cycling can aid in bowel motility, it is not the primary factor in preventing chronic constipation.
D: Timing of bowel movements can vary among individuals, and there is no specific "good time" universally applicable for everyone to have a bowel movement.
The home health nurse is caring for a patient with tuberculosis who is taking rifampin and isoniazid (INH). The nurse should carefully monitor the patient for which potential side effect?
- A. Gallstones
- B. Liver disorders
- C. Bleeding ulcers
- D. Esophagitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver disorders. Rifampin and isoniazid are known to cause hepatotoxicity as a potential side effect. The combination of these two medications can lead to liver damage, making it crucial for the nurse to monitor liver function tests regularly. Gallstones (A), bleeding ulcers (C), and esophagitis (D) are not typically associated with rifampin and isoniazid therapy. Monitoring for liver disorders is essential due to the risk of hepatotoxicity with these medications.
You must rearrange the room assignment for several clients. Which two clients would be best suited to put in the same room?
- A. A 35-year-old female with copious, intractable diarrhea and vomiting.
- B. A 43-year-old female second day post-operative cholecystectomy.
- C. A 53-year-old female with pain related to alcohol-associated pancreatitis.
- D. A 62-year-old female with colon cancer receiving chemotherapy and radiation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-op and immunocompromised patients should not share a room with someone with an infectious condition. The best match is non-infectious conditions.