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When the client is started on antiretroviral drugs for HIV, what will be important for the nurse to teach the client?
- A. This drug will cure the disease over a period of time.
- B. This drug will not cure the disease but could extend your life expectancy.
- C. This type of drug will be used prior to vaccines.
- D. This drug is readily available all over the world.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: This drug will not cure the disease but could extend your life expectancy. Antiretroviral drugs for HIV do not cure the disease but help manage it by reducing viral load and boosting immune function, extending life expectancy. Choice A is incorrect because currently, there is no cure for HIV. Choice C is incorrect as antiretroviral drugs are not used prior to vaccines but are used to treat HIV infection. Choice D is incorrect because the availability of antiretroviral drugs may vary worldwide.
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The nurse is teaching a sex education class to teenage girls. The nurse informs them that which age group should receive a vaccination to prevent HPV infection?
- A. 13-29
- B. 12-26
- C. 9-26
- D. 7-20
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (9-26) because the HPV vaccine is recommended for both males and females between the ages of 9 and 26. Vaccination at a younger age provides the best protection before exposure to the virus. Choices A, B, and D include age ranges outside the recommended vaccination window, making them incorrect options.
Which should the nurse recommend to the client to relieve premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms? Select all that apply.
- A. NSAIDs to decrease pain
- B. Exercise 5 to 6 times a week
- C. Decrease caffeine
- D. Decrease fiber
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, decrease fiber intake. High-fiber foods can worsen bloating and digestive issues associated with PMS. By reducing fiber intake, gas and bloating can be minimized, alleviating these symptoms. NSAIDs (A) can help with pain but do not address other PMS symptoms. Exercise (B) can be beneficial, but it may not directly target PMS symptoms. Decreasing caffeine (C) can help with mood swings, but it is not as effective for physical symptoms compared to reducing fiber intake.
Which are major risk factors for breast cancer? Select all that apply.
- A. Female gender
- B. Increasing age over 50 years
- C. Personal history of breast cancer (in situ or invasive), family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives (parent, sibling, child)
- D. High-fat diet, Alcohol consumption (two or more drinks/day)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because having a personal history of breast cancer, a family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives, or both are major risk factors for developing breast cancer. This is due to the presence of genetic mutations that increase the likelihood of developing the disease. Choices A and B are not specific risk factors for breast cancer, although being female and increasing age are associated with higher risk. Choice D, high-fat diet and alcohol consumption, are not considered major risk factors for breast cancer.
A public health nurse is teaching a group about STIs at a local community center. Which statement made by the group demonstrates a good understanding of the disease process?
- A. The infection can only be spread when a person is symptomatic.
- B. I can only get the disease through vaginal intercourse.
- C. Sexual partners of the infected person must also be treated.
- D. Oral contraceptives are effective in protecting against STIs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sexual partners of the infected person must also be treated. This statement demonstrates a good understanding of the disease process because treating only the infected person may not prevent re-infection. Treating sexual partners is crucial to prevent the spread of STIs and reduce the risk of transmission. This approach is known as partner therapy and is recommended by public health guidelines to control the spread of STIs effectively. It is important to address the source of infection and not just the individual who is currently infected.
Incorrect Choices:
A: The infection can only be spread when a person is symptomatic - This is incorrect because some STIs can be transmitted even when the infected person is asymptomatic.
B: I can only get the disease through vaginal intercourse - This is incorrect as STIs can be transmitted through various sexual activities, not just vaginal intercourse.
D: Oral contraceptives are effective in protecting against STIs - This is incorrect as oral contraceptives do not protect against STIs;
A client who has been diagnosed with HIV develops an oral candida infection. When teaching the client, which instructions will the health care provider include?
- A. Rinse your mouth often with a commercial mouthwash.
- B. Include plenty of citrus juices in your diet.
- C. Select foods that are soft or pureed.
- D. Include hot soups and beverages with each meal.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Select foods that are soft or pureed. This is because soft or pureed foods are easier to swallow and less likely to irritate the oral mucosa affected by the candida infection. Rinsing with a commercial mouthwash (choice A) may temporarily relieve symptoms but won't address the root cause. Citrus juices (choice B) can be irritating to the oral mucosa. Hot soups and beverages (choice D) can worsen the discomfort in the mouth. Overall, choosing soft or pureed foods will help alleviate discomfort and promote healing.