Nokea
When the nurse shines a light in a patient's left pupil, both of the pupils constrict. What type of response should the nurse document?
- A. Direct
- B. Abnormal
- C. Consensual
- D. Accommodation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A consensual response occurs when light shone in one eye causes both pupils to constrict. A direct response involves constriction of the illuminated pupil only, while accommodation is the ability to focus on near objects. Documenting a consensual response is important for assessing cranial nerve function.
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Which nervous system structure is associated with control of hunger?
- A. hypothalamus
- B. hippocampus
- C. cerebellar
- D. medulla
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The hypothalamus regulates hunger, thirst, and other homeostatic functions. It integrates signals from the body and brain to maintain energy balance and control feeding behavior.
As the community health nurse, you meet with Mrs. Rollo 1 week after discharge. She complains to you of increasing joint pain and stiffness despite adherence to the discharge plan for medication therapy and heat treatments. Which of the following aspects would you initially want to evaluate?
- A. Diet
- B. Balance between exercise and rest
- C. Use of fad diet or appliances
- D. Feelings of self-worth and self-concept
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Imbalance between exercise and rest can exacerbate joint pain and stiffness.
The following occur in response to a major surgery:
- A. increased potassium loss
- B. increased protein breakdown
- C. sodium and water retention
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Major surgery triggers a stress response, leading to potassium loss, protein catabolism, and sodium/water retention due to hormonal changes.
Which type of fiber could be considered the longest?
- A. preganglionic parasympathetic
- B. preganglionic sympathetic
- C. postganglionic parasympathetic
- D. postganglionic sympathetic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: preganglionic parasympathetic. Preganglionic fibers are the longest in the autonomic nervous system, with parasympathetic fibers generally having longer preganglionic fibers compared to sympathetic fibers. Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers originate from the cranial nerves and sacral spinal cord, allowing them to travel longer distances to reach their ganglia. In contrast, sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate from the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord, resulting in shorter lengths compared to parasympathetic fibers. Therefore, preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are considered the longest among the given choices. Postganglionic fibers, whether parasympathetic or sympathetic, are shorter as they only need to travel to their target organs from the ganglia.
Summary:
- A: Correct, as preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are the longest in the autonomic nervous system
The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the:
- A. pons
- B. medulla oblongata
- C. midbrain
- D. cerebrum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The medulla oblongata contains vital centers for controlling heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting. The pons, midbrain, cerebrum, and hypothalamus are not primarily responsible for these functions. Therefore, B is the correct answer.