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When the patient who overeats insists that weight gain is related to retained fluids, the nurse recognizes the patient is using which defense mechanism?
- A. Compensation
- B. Rationalization
- C. Sublimation
- D. Regression
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Defense mechanisms are unconscious reactions that offer protection to the self from stressful situations. Rationalization offers a reasonable explanation for an event rather than facing reality.
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What action consistently done by a patient should indicate to a nurse that the patient has a poor self-concept?
- A. Wears bright-colored clothing.
- B. Demands the attention of staff.
- C. Apologizes to others repeatedly.
- D. Becomes angry when frustrated.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Apologizing repeatedly is indicative of self-effacement. Anger, demanding attention, and wearing attention-getting clothing are not characteristics of a poor self-concept.
After finding the patient with diabetes eating candy, the nurse reminds the patient that the candy will elevate blood sugar levels. The patient's response is: 'It's only a little bit, and it won't do anything.' Which defense mechanism is the patient using?
- A. Conversion
- B. Denial
- C. Repression
- D. Regression
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient is using denial as a defense mechanism. Reality is denied.
What coping mechanism demonstrated by a patient should indicate to the nurse that the patient is seeking ways to deal with and resolve stress?
- A. Projection
- B. Adaptation
- C. Reaction formation
- D. Compensation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An individual who develops ways to deal with stress and resolve it has adapted.
Using Freud's personality theory, what action by a patient identifies the influence of the superego?
- A. Eating an entire chocolate pie
- B. Becoming anxious about having no visitors
- C. Monopolizing the attention of the health care provider
- D. Returning a $5 bill that another patient left on the table
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The superego is the mediator between right and wrong (the conscience).
During the 17th and 18th centuries, care of patients with mental illness often was cruel. What type of care was used by Dr. Philippe Pinel to bring about change?
- A. Personal care
- B. Individual care
- C. Behavior care
- D. Humane care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dr. Philippe Pinel advocated humane care.