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When working with a patient beginning treatment for alcohol dependence, what is the nurse’s most therapeutic approach?
- A. Empathetic, supportive
- B. Strong, confrontational
- C. Skeptical, guarded
- D. Cool, distant
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Empathetic, supportive. This approach establishes trust, shows understanding, and promotes open communication. Empathy helps build a therapeutic relationship, which is crucial in treating alcohol dependence. Being supportive encourages the patient to feel safe and willing to discuss their issues. Strong, confrontational (B) may lead to resistance and defensiveness. Skeptical, guarded (C) can create barriers and hinder progress. Cool, distant (D) may make the patient feel isolated and unsupported. Overall, empathy and support create a positive and collaborative therapeutic environment.
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A patient who has AIDS expresses concern about telling others about the illness. Which response would be appropriate by the nurse?
- A. It would be best to tell everyone you know.'
- B. You should tell those who have a reason to know.'
- C. Your diagnosis will be discovered anyway by those you know.'
- D. Secrecy is a poor idea because it will erode your self-esteem.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "You should tell those who have a reason to know." This response is appropriate as it respects the patient's autonomy and privacy. By sharing the diagnosis with only those who need to know, the patient can control who has access to this sensitive information. This approach also promotes trust and open communication within the patient's support network.
Option A is incorrect as it disregards the patient's right to privacy and may cause unnecessary stress. Option C is incorrect as it assumes the diagnosis will inevitably become public, which may not be the case if the patient chooses to keep it private. Option D is incorrect as it oversimplifies the situation and may not consider the patient's unique circumstances and preferences.
When administering medications, a nurse would hold which medication for a patient who presents with jaundice? A. Valium B. Divalproex (Depakote) C. Lithium D. Verapamil
- A. Valium
- B. Divalproex (Depakote)
- C. Lithium
- D. Verapamil
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Divalproex (Depakote). Jaundice is a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to liver dysfunction. Divalproex is metabolized in the liver, and in patients with jaundice, liver function may be compromised, leading to potential toxicity. Therefore, holding Divalproex for a patient with jaundice is essential to prevent further liver damage.
A: Valium is primarily metabolized in the liver, but it is generally safe to use in patients with mild to moderate liver impairment.
C: Lithium is primarily cleared through the kidneys, so liver dysfunction would not directly impact its clearance.
D: Verapamil is also primarily metabolized in the liver, but it is not contraindicated in patients with jaundice unless there is severe liver impairment.
When an older adult diagnosed with depression reports that she has been taking over-the-counter (OTC) melatonin, the nurse asks:
- A. Are you experiencing difficulty with remembering things?'
- B. Have you been having trouble sleeping?'
- C. Is anxiety a problem for you as well?'
- D. Are you trying to lose weight?'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Have you been having trouble sleeping?" This is the correct question because melatonin is commonly used as a sleep aid. The nurse should inquire about the patient's sleep patterns to assess the effectiveness of melatonin and potential side effects related to sleep. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the use of melatonin as a sleep aid in older adults with depression. Asking about memory, anxiety, or weight loss is not as relevant in this context.
Loss does not have to cause social isolation and emotional distress
- A. Language
- B. Hearing
- C. Vision
- D. All of these
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hearing loss can be managed without inherent isolation, unlike some cases of vision or language loss.
The Montessori approach believes that the teacher's role is
- A. Director
- B. Guide
- C. Instructor
- D. Controller
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Montessori teachers guide rather than direct learning.