Nokea
Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?
- A. Mouth
- B. Stomach
- C. Small intestine
- D. Large intestine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine. Here's the rationale:
1. The small intestine is where most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur due to its large surface area.
2. Villi and microvilli in the small intestine increase the absorption surface for nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
3. Specific enzymes and bile are secreted in the small intestine to aid in the breakdown and absorption of nutrients.
4. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, not nutrients.
In summary, the mouth is mainly for mechanical digestion, the stomach primarily digests food, and the large intestine absorbs water, making the small intestine the correct choice for nutrient absorption.
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The following belong together except which one?
- A. small intestine
- B. large intestine
- C. plicae circulares
- D. crypts of Lieberkuhn
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: large intestine. The small intestine, plicae circulares, and crypts of Lieberkuhn are all structures found in the small intestine, involved in absorption and digestion. The large intestine is a separate part of the digestive system primarily responsible for water absorption and waste elimination. Therefore, it does not belong with the other choices related to the small intestine.
The small intestine:
- A. Is shorter than the large intestine
- B. Its internal surface area is smaller than the large intestine
- C. It absorbs less water than the large intestine
- D. It contains bacteria as found in the large intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the small intestine has a larger internal surface area compared to the large intestine due to its extensive folding and villi. This increased surface area enhances nutrient absorption efficiency. Choice A is incorrect as the small intestine is longer than the large intestine. Choice C is incorrect as the small intestine absorbs more water than the large intestine. Choice D is incorrect as the small intestine typically does not contain the same amount of bacteria as the large intestine, which is known for its significant bacterial population.
Mandy, an adolescent girl is admitted to an acute care facility with severe malnutrition. After a thorough examination, the physician diagnoses anorexia nervosa. When developing the plan of care for this client, the nurse is most likely to include which nursing diagnosis?
- A. Hopelessness
- B. Powerlessness
- C. Chronic low self-esteem
- D. Deficient knowledge
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chronic low self-esteem. In anorexia nervosa, individuals often have distorted body image and low self-esteem, which contributes to their disordered eating behavior. By addressing the nursing diagnosis of chronic low self-esteem, the nurse can focus on interventions to help improve the client's self-worth and body image perception.
A: Hopelessness may be present in anorexia nervosa but chronic low self-esteem is more directly related to the disorder.
B: Powerlessness is not the primary nursing diagnosis in anorexia nervosa; it may be a secondary issue.
D: Deficient knowledge is not the main nursing diagnosis in anorexia nervosa; clients generally have knowledge about their condition but struggle with self-image and self-esteem.
Cholecystokinin (CCK):
- A. is secreted by the gastric antrum.
- B. is inhibited by excess fat in the duodenum.
- C. Stimulates pancreatic acini to secrete enzymes.
- D. inhibits gallbladder evacuation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone secreted by the duodenum in response to the presence of fats and proteins. It stimulates the pancreatic acini to secrete digestive enzymes such as lipase and proteases. This helps in the digestion and absorption of fats and proteins. The other choices are incorrect because A is false - CCK is secreted by the duodenum, not the gastric antrum. B is false - CCK is actually stimulated by the presence of fats in the duodenum. D is false - CCK actually stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile, aiding in fat digestion.
Which action will the nurse include in the plan of care for a patient who is being admitted with Clostridium difficile?
- A. Teach the patient about proper food storag
- C. Order a diet without dairy products for the patient.
- D. Place the patient in a private room on contact isolation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place the patient in a private room on contact isolation. This is important because Clostridium difficile is highly contagious, spread through contact with infected feces. Isolating the patient helps prevent the spread. A: Teaching about food storage is irrelevant to managing C. difficile. B: Administering medications is not mentioned in the question. C: Ordering a diet without dairy is not the priority; isolation is key to prevent transmission.