Nokea
In the production of the aqueous component of pancreatic juice, ______ ions are actively transported into the intercalated duct and sodium ions are exchanged for ______ ions.
- A. bicarbonate; hydrogen
- B. sodium; potassium
- C. bicarbonate; potassium
- D. hydrogen; potassium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in the production of pancreatic juice, bicarbonate ions are actively transported into the intercalated duct to ensure the alkalinity of the pancreatic juice. Additionally, sodium ions are exchanged for hydrogen ions to maintain the pH balance. This process helps neutralize the acidic chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach. The other choices are incorrect because potassium ions are not directly involved in this specific process, and the exchange of sodium ions for potassium ions does not contribute to the regulation of pancreatic juice pH.
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Which action will the nurse include in the plan of care for a patient who is being admitted with Clostridium difficile?
- A. Teach the patient about proper food storag
- C. Order a diet without dairy products for the patient.
- D. Place the patient in a private room on contact isolation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place the patient in a private room on contact isolation. This is important because Clostridium difficile is highly contagious, spread through contact with infected feces. Isolating the patient helps prevent the spread. A: Teaching about food storage is irrelevant to managing C. difficile. B: Administering medications is not mentioned in the question. C: Ordering a diet without dairy is not the priority; isolation is key to prevent transmission.
A patient is receiving continuous enteral nutrition through a small-bore silicone feeding tube. What should the nurse plan for when this patient has a computed tomography (CT) scan ordered?
- A. Ask the health care provider to reschedule the scan.
- B. Shut the feeding off 30 to 60 minutes before the scan.
- C. Connect the feeding tube to continuous suction before and during the scan.
- D. Send a suction catheter with the patient in case of aspiration during the scan.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale:
- Correct Answer (B): Shutting off the feeding 30-60 mins before the CT scan reduces the risk of aspiration or vomiting during the procedure, minimizing potential complications.
- Incorrect Answer (A): Rescheduling the scan is not necessary if feeding is temporarily stopped before the procedure.
- Incorrect Answer (C): Connecting the feeding tube to continuous suction is unnecessary and may lead to dehydration or electrolyte imbalances.
- Incorrect Answer (D): Sending a suction catheter with the patient is not a standard practice for CT scans; aspiration risk can be minimized by stopping the feeding temporarily.
What is the best advice for a patient with an ostomy regarding skin care?
- A. Avoid using skin barrier products, as they can cause irritation.
- B. Use a mild soap and water to clean the skin around the stoma.
- C. Only clean the stoma with alcohol wipes.
- D. Change the ostomy appliance every 24 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Use a mild soap and water to clean the skin around the stoma. This is because gentle cleansing helps prevent skin irritation and infection. Cleaning with harsh products can damage the skin. Choice A is incorrect because skin barrier products are essential for protecting the skin. Choice C is incorrect as alcohol wipes can be too harsh and drying for the skin. Choice D is incorrect because ostomy appliances typically do not need to be changed daily unless there are specific issues.
To treat a cirrhotic patient with hepatic encephalopathy, lactulose (Cephulac), rifaximin (Xifaxan), and a proton pump inhibitor are ordere The patient's family wants to know why the laxative is ordere What is the best explanation the nurse can give to the patient's family?
- A. It reduces portal venous pressure.
- B. It eliminates blood from the GI tract.
- C. It traps ammonia and eliminates it in the feces.
- D. It decreases bacteria to decrease ammonia formation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "It traps ammonia and eliminates it in the feces." In hepatic encephalopathy, excessive ammonia levels lead to neurological symptoms. Lactulose works by acidifying the colon, converting ammonia to ammonium, trapping it, and promoting its excretion in feces. This reduces ammonia absorption, alleviating encephalopathy.
Explanation of other choices:
A: Incorrect. Lactulose does not directly reduce portal venous pressure.
B: Incorrect. Lactulose does not eliminate blood from the GI tract.
D: Incorrect. Lactulose does not directly decrease bacteria to reduce ammonia formation.
In summary, the nurse should explain to the patient's family that lactulose helps by trapping ammonia in the GI tract and facilitating its removal in the feces, thus reducing ammonia levels in the body and improving hepatic encephalopathy symptoms.
The nurse explains that the older adult is prone to digestive disorders related to which age-related change?
- A. Decreased hydrochloric acid
- B. Increased enzyme levels
- C. Inadequate chewing
- D. Diminished intestinal motility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased hydrochloric acid. As people age, there is a natural decline in hydrochloric acid production in the stomach, leading to decreased digestion and absorption of nutrients. This can result in digestive disorders such as malabsorption. Increased enzyme levels (B) would actually be beneficial for digestion. Inadequate chewing (C) can lead to issues like choking but is not specifically related to age. Diminished intestinal motility (D) can occur with age but is not directly linked to digestive disorders in older adults.