NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System

NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System Related

Review NCLEX Questions Gastrointestinal System related questions and content

The pacemaker signal generated by the SA node spreads to the ventricles by passing through the AV node. What would happen to the contraction of the ventricles if there was a complete block at the AV node?

  • A. the ventricles would cease beating
  • B. the ventricles would beat very fast and uncontrollably
  • C. the ventricles would contract rhythmically, but more slowly
  • D. the ventricles would contract at the same rate as the atria
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: A complete block at the AV node would prevent the transmission of the pacemaker signal from the SA node to the ventricles. As a result, the ventricles would not receive the signal to contract at their normal rate. Instead, they would rely on their inherent ability to generate impulses, resulting in a slower, but still rhythmic contraction. This scenario is known as an escape rhythm, where a lower pacemaker takes over in the absence of the SA node signal.

Summary:
A: the ventricles would cease beating - Incorrect, as the ventricles have their own intrinsic pacemaker.
B: the ventricles would beat very fast and uncontrollably - Incorrect, as a complete AV block would lead to a slower rhythm.
D: the ventricles would contract at the same rate as the atria - Incorrect, as the ventricles and atria have different intrinsic rates.

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Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?

  • A. Mouth
  • B. Stomach
  • C. Small intestine
  • D. Large intestine
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine. Here's the rationale:
1. The small intestine is where most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur due to its large surface area.
2. Villi and microvilli in the small intestine increase the absorption surface for nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
3. Specific enzymes and bile are secreted in the small intestine to aid in the breakdown and absorption of nutrients.
4. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, not nutrients.
In summary, the mouth is mainly for mechanical digestion, the stomach primarily digests food, and the large intestine absorbs water, making the small intestine the correct choice for nutrient absorption.

Which of the following organs is supported by a layer of adventitia rather than serosa?

  • A. esophagus
  • B. stomach
  • C. small intestine
  • D. large intestine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: esophagus. The esophagus is supported by a layer of adventitia, which is a connective tissue layer, instead of serosa, a serous membrane. The esophagus is located in the thoracic cavity, where it is surrounded by connective tissue rather than a serous membrane like the other choices. The stomach, small intestine, and large intestine are all intraperitoneal organs, meaning they are covered by a serosa layer. The esophagus, being a retroperitoneal organ, lacks a serosa layer and is instead supported by adventitia. This structural difference is important for understanding the anatomy and function of these organs.

The small intestine:

  • A. Is shorter than the large intestine
  • B. Its internal surface area is smaller than the large intestine
  • C. It absorbs less water than the large intestine
  • D. It contains bacteria as found in the large intestine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the small intestine has a larger internal surface area compared to the large intestine due to its extensive folding and villi. This increased surface area enhances nutrient absorption efficiency. Choice A is incorrect as the small intestine is longer than the large intestine. Choice C is incorrect as the small intestine absorbs more water than the large intestine. Choice D is incorrect as the small intestine typically does not contain the same amount of bacteria as the large intestine, which is known for its significant bacterial population.

Mucosa surface cell secretes mucous which provides a physical barrier between __ and __.

  • A. Mucosa and Epithelium
  • B. Lymph Vessel and lamina Propria
  • C. Mucosa and Lumen
  • D. Lumen and Epithelium
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mucosa and Lumen. The mucosa surface cell secretes mucus that forms a physical barrier between the mucosa (inner lining of a cavity or organ) and the lumen (inner space of a tubular structure). This barrier protects the underlying tissues from harmful substances in the lumen.

Choice A (Mucosa and Epithelium) is incorrect because the mucosa is part of the epithelium layer, so it would not make sense for the physical barrier to be between them.

Choice B (Lymph Vessel and Lamina Propria) is incorrect because these structures are not directly related to the secretion of mucus for protection.

Choice D (Lumen and Epithelium) is incorrect because the physical barrier created by the mucus is specifically between the mucosa cells and the lumen, not the epithelium itself.

A nurse is caring for a client who has ulcerative colitis and is teaching the client about the common link with Crohn's disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

  • A. Both are inflammatory
  • B. Both begin in the rectum
  • C. Both manifest fistula formation
  • D. Both require frequent surgery
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Both are inflammatory. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are both inflammatory bowel diseases. Ulcerative colitis primarily affects the colon and rectum, while Crohn's disease can affect any part of the digestive tract. This common inflammatory nature is the link between the two conditions. Choices B and C are incorrect because Crohn's disease can start in any part of the digestive tract, not specifically in the rectum, and fistula formation is more common in Crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis. Choice D is incorrect as not all cases of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease require frequent surgery; surgery is usually considered for complications or severe cases.

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