Nokea
Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the mechanical digestion of food?
- A. mouth
- B. stomach
- C. small intestine
- D. large intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: stomach. The stomach is responsible for mechanical digestion through the churning and mixing of food with gastric juices, breaking it down into smaller particles. The mouth initiates digestion by chewing and mixing food with saliva, but it primarily focuses on chemical digestion through enzymes. The small intestine is where most of the chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur, not mechanical digestion. The large intestine's main function is water absorption and the formation of feces, not mechanical digestion. Therefore, the stomach is the correct choice for mechanical digestion in the digestive system.
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Why should a nurse instruct a client with an ileostomy to avoid enteric-coated products?
- A. The coating prevents the absorption of the product.
- B. The coating adversely affects ileostomy.
- C. The coating affects the absorption of vitamins.
- D. The coating causes particularly strong odors.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because enteric-coated products are designed to bypass the stomach and dissolve in the small intestine, where absorption of medications occurs. Since an ileostomy bypasses the large intestine, the medication in enteric-coated products may not be fully absorbed, leading to reduced effectiveness. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the specific issue of absorption in the context of an ileostomy.
Katrina is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. To avoid complications with lack of calcium in the diet, which food should be included in the diet?
- A. Fruit
- B. Whole grains
- C. Milk and cheese products
- D. Dark green, leafy vegetables
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Dark green, leafy vegetables. Dark green, leafy vegetables are a good source of calcium and can help Katrina meet her calcium needs without consuming milk and cheese products. Since Katrina is lactose intolerant, consuming milk and cheese products can lead to gastrointestinal issues due to the inability to digest lactose. Fruits and whole grains do not provide significant amounts of calcium compared to dark green, leafy vegetables. Therefore, including dark green, leafy vegetables in the diet is the best option to prevent complications from lack of calcium intake.
The nurse is caring for multiple patients. The nurse determines that which patient has the highest risk for developing gallstones?
- A. A 37-year-old white man of normal weight on long-term corticosteroids for asthm
- B. A 42-year-old African American man of normal weight who has smoked for 25 years.
- C. A 46-year-old Indonesian woman who is under normal weight and has recently had radiation treatments.
- D. A 50-year-old obese Mexican American woman who has type 1 diabetes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because obesity and type 1 diabetes are known risk factors for developing gallstones. Obesity leads to increased cholesterol production in the liver, which can contribute to gallstone formation. Type 1 diabetes can also increase the risk of gallstones due to impaired gallbladder function. Both factors combined in the 50-year-old obese Mexican American woman put her at the highest risk for developing gallstones.
Choice A is less likely as long-term corticosteroid use for asthma is not a major risk factor for gallstones. Choice B, smoking, is a risk factor but not as significant as obesity and diabetes in this context. Choice C, recent radiation treatment and being underweight, are not as strongly associated with gallstone formation compared to obesity and diabetes.
Which of these structures is responsible for the production of bile?
- A. pancreas
- B. liver
- C. gallbladder
- D. small intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: liver. The liver is responsible for the production of bile, which is a greenish-yellow fluid that aids in digestion by emulsifying fats. Bile is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder (not produced by it). The pancreas produces digestive enzymes, not bile. The small intestine is where bile is released to help with the digestion of fats, but it is not responsible for its production. Therefore, the liver is the correct answer as it is the primary organ involved in bile production.
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
- A. esophagus
- B. liver
- C. stomach
- D. small intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: liver. The liver is not part of the gastrointestinal tract. The GI tract consists of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine, where digestion and absorption of nutrients occur. The liver is an accessory organ that aids in digestion by producing bile but is not part of the tract itself. The liver is involved in detoxification, storage of nutrients, and production of important proteins, but it does not play a direct role in the digestion process. Therefore, the liver is the correct answer.