Nokea
Cholecystokinin (CCK):
- A. is secreted by the gastric antrum.
- B. is inhibited by excess fat in the duodenum.
- C. Stimulates pancreatic acini to secrete enzymes.
- D. inhibits gallbladder evacuation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone secreted by the duodenum in response to the presence of fats and proteins. It stimulates the pancreatic acini to secrete digestive enzymes such as lipase and proteases. This helps in the digestion and absorption of fats and proteins. The other choices are incorrect because A is false - CCK is secreted by the duodenum, not the gastric antrum. B is false - CCK is actually stimulated by the presence of fats in the duodenum. D is false - CCK actually stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile, aiding in fat digestion.
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You would be most concerned about which client having an order for TPN (total parenteral nutrition) fat emulsion?
- A. A client with gastrointestinal obstruction
- B. A client with severe anorexia nervosa
- C. A client with chronic diarrhea and vomiting
- D. A client with a fractured femur
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
1. TPN fat emulsion can increase the risk of fat embolism in clients with fractures.
2. Fat embolism is a serious complication in clients with long bone fractures, like a fractured femur.
3. Clients with gastrointestinal issues, anorexia nervosa, chronic diarrhea, or vomiting are not at increased risk for fat embolism.
4. Monitoring for signs of fat embolism is crucial in clients receiving TPN fat emulsion to prevent complications.
Which of the following is true regarding the small intestine?
- A. It produces digestive enzymes
- B. It absorbs nutrients
- C. It produces bile
- D. It stores waste
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the small intestine is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food. It has specialized structures like villi to maximize nutrient absorption. Choice A is incorrect as the pancreas and other organs produce digestive enzymes. Choice C is incorrect as the liver produces bile. Choice D is incorrect as waste is stored in the large intestine, not the small intestine.
The submucosa of the GIT
- A. Is important for protection
- B. Helps with absorption and secretion
- C. Contains an outer and inner layer
- D. Is between the serosa and muscularis externa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The submucosa of the GIT is rich in blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels, aiding in absorption and secretion of nutrients and fluids. The submucosa is not primarily responsible for protection (choice A). It does not contain distinct outer and inner layers (choice C). The submucosa is located between the mucosa and muscularis externa, not the serosa (choice D). Therefore, the correct answer is B as it aligns with the known functions and characteristics of the submucosa.
The nurse is obtaining a history of a patient with hepatitis Which question is most appropriate for the nurse to ask?
- A. "If using drugs, do you share needles?"
- B. "Do you always practice safe sex?"
- C. "You traveled to Canada in the last month?"
- D. "Do you eat shellfish often?"
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because consuming contaminated shellfish can lead to Hepatitis A infection. It is important to ask about dietary habits to identify potential sources of infection. Choice A is incorrect as it assumes drug use, which may not be relevant to the patient. Choice B is more focused on sexual behavior rather than Hepatitis transmission. Choice C is irrelevant unless there was a known Hepatitis outbreak in Canada.
Which of these structures is responsible for the production of bile?
- A. pancreas
- B. liver
- C. gallbladder
- D. small intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: liver. The liver is responsible for the production of bile, which is a greenish-yellow fluid that aids in digestion by emulsifying fats. Bile is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder (not produced by it). The pancreas produces digestive enzymes, not bile. The small intestine is where bile is released to help with the digestion of fats, but it is not responsible for its production. Therefore, the liver is the correct answer as it is the primary organ involved in bile production.