Nokea
The nurse explains that the older adult is prone to digestive disorders related to which age-related change?
- A. Decreased hydrochloric acid
- B. Increased enzyme levels
- C. Inadequate chewing
- D. Diminished intestinal motility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased hydrochloric acid. As people age, there is a natural decline in hydrochloric acid production in the stomach, leading to decreased digestion and absorption of nutrients. This can result in digestive disorders such as malabsorption. Increased enzyme levels (B) would actually be beneficial for digestion. Inadequate chewing (C) can lead to issues like choking but is not specifically related to age. Diminished intestinal motility (D) can occur with age but is not directly linked to digestive disorders in older adults.
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Following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, what should the nurse expect to be part of the plan of care?
- A. Return to work in 2 to 3 weeks
- B. Be hospitalized for 3 to 5 days postoperatively
- C. Have a T-tube placed in the common bile duct to provide bile drainage
- D. Have up to four small abdominal incisions covered with small dressings
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. After a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the patient typically has up to four small abdominal incisions that are covered with small dressings. This is because laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive procedure involving small incisions, which do not require extensive wound care. The incisions are small and usually heal well with minimal scarring.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Return to work in 2 to 3 weeks - This is not part of the immediate postoperative plan of care. Patients may need more time to recover before returning to work.
B: Be hospitalized for 3 to 5 days postoperatively - Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy typically have a shorter hospital stay, usually 1 to 2 days, not 3 to 5 days.
C: Have a T-tube placed in the common bile duct to provide bile drainage - This is not typically done after a laparoscopic
The small intestine:
- A. Is shorter than the large intestine
- B. Its internal surface area is smaller than the large intestine
- C. It absorbs less water than the large intestine
- D. It contains bacteria as found in the large intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the small intestine has a larger internal surface area compared to the large intestine due to its extensive folding and villi. This increased surface area enhances nutrient absorption efficiency. Choice A is incorrect as the small intestine is longer than the large intestine. Choice C is incorrect as the small intestine absorbs more water than the large intestine. Choice D is incorrect as the small intestine typically does not contain the same amount of bacteria as the large intestine, which is known for its significant bacterial population.
The salivary gland that produces primarily mucus is the ______ salivary gland.
- A. parotid
- B. labial
- C. submandibular
- D. sublingual
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: sublingual gland. This gland primarily produces mucus, aiding in lubrication and initial digestion. The sublingual gland is located under the tongue. A: The parotid gland primarily produces serous saliva. B: Labial glands are minor salivary glands located in the lips, producing mixed saliva. C: Submandibular gland produces a mixture of serous and mucous saliva.
Bile is produced by which organ and stored in the gallbladder until needed for digestion?
- A. Stomach
- B. Liver
- C. Pancreas
- D. Small intestine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver. The liver produces bile, which is a greenish-yellow fluid that helps in the digestion and absorption of fats. It is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine when needed. The stomach (A) produces gastric juices, not bile. The pancreas (C) produces digestive enzymes, but not bile. The small intestine (D) is where bile is released to aid in the digestion of fats, not where it is produced or stored.
Mucosa surface cell secretes mucous which provides a physical barrier between __ and __.
- A. Mucosa and Epithelium
- B. Lymph Vessel and lamina Propria
- C. Mucosa and Lumen
- D. Lumen and Epithelium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mucosa and Lumen. The mucosa surface cell secretes mucus that forms a physical barrier between the mucosa (inner lining of a cavity or organ) and the lumen (inner space of a tubular structure). This barrier protects the underlying tissues from harmful substances in the lumen.
Choice A (Mucosa and Epithelium) is incorrect because the mucosa is part of the epithelium layer, so it would not make sense for the physical barrier to be between them.
Choice B (Lymph Vessel and Lamina Propria) is incorrect because these structures are not directly related to the secretion of mucus for protection.
Choice D (Lumen and Epithelium) is incorrect because the physical barrier created by the mucus is specifically between the mucosa cells and the lumen, not the epithelium itself.