Nokea
Which action should you delegate to the experienced nursing assistant?
- A. Assess the client's respiratory status every 4 hours.
- B. Take vital signs and pulse oximetry reading every 4 hours.
- C. Check ventilator setting to make sure they are as prescribed.
- D. Observe client’s need for suctioning every 2 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Taking vital signs and pulse oximetry readings is a routine task suitable for a nursing assistant. Assessing respiratory status (A) and checking ventilator settings (C) require RN-level skills. Observing suctioning needs (D) is less critical and often done by RNs.
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What is the name given to the respiratory ailment in which the bronchioles constrict severely?
- A. pleurisy
- B. emphysema
- C. bronchitis
- D. asthma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: asthma. Asthma is a respiratory ailment characterized by severe constriction of the bronchioles due to inflammation and muscle contraction. This leads to difficulty breathing and wheezing. Pleurisy (A) is inflammation of the lining of the lungs, emphysema (B) is a long-term lung disease, and bronchitis (C) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Asthma specifically refers to the bronchioles constriction, making it the correct choice.
diaphragm relaxes and decrease thoracic space in which phase of respiration.
- A. inspiration
- B. expiration
- C. Pause
- D. both a and b
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During expiration, the diaphragm relaxes, causing it to move upwards, which decreases the thoracic space. This leads to the expulsion of air from the lungs. In contrast, during inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and moves downwards, increasing the thoracic space to allow air to enter the lungs. Option C, Pause, does not involve any specific respiratory phase. Option D, both a and b, is incorrect because during inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and increases thoracic space. Therefore, the correct answer is B, expiration, as this phase specifically involves the relaxation of the diaphragm and the decrease in thoracic space.
The Alveolar epithelium is lined with
- A. Non-ciliated Squamous epithelium
- B. Ciliated Squamous epithelium
- C. Ciliated epithelium
- D. Ciliated Columnar epithelium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Non-ciliated Squamous epithelium. The alveolar epithelium in the lungs is composed of thin, flat cells called squamous epithelium. This type of epithelium allows for efficient gas exchange by providing a short diffusion distance. Ciliated epithelium (choice C) and ciliated columnar epithelium (choice D) are not found in the alveoli as they are more suited for moving mucus and debris in the respiratory tract. Ciliated squamous epithelium (choice B) is not a common epithelial type in the alveoli and is not as thin as non-ciliated squamous epithelium, making it less efficient for gas exchange.
The nurse is performing a respiratory assessment of an adult patient and is attempting to distinguish between vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial (tubular) breath sounds. The nurse should distinguish between these normal breath sounds on what basis?
- A. Their location over a specific area of the lung
- B. The volume of the sounds
- C. Whether they are heard on inspiration or expiration
- D. Whether or not they are continuous breath sounds
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial breath sounds are distinguished based on their location over specific areas of the lung. Vesicular sounds are soft and low-pitched and are heard over most of the lung fields, bronchovesicular sounds are intermediate in pitch and are heard over the major bronchi, and bronchial sounds are loud and high-pitched and are heard over the trachea and larynx. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the distinction between these breath sounds is not based on volume, inspiration or expiration, or continuity of the sounds.
Which of the following Hormone is secreted in excess when a person climbing a mountain
- A. Anti Natriuretic Factor
- B. Adrelaline
- C. Erythropoietin
- D. Thyroxine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Erythropoietin. When climbing a mountain, the body experiences reduced oxygen levels, triggering the release of erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production and improve oxygen delivery. This helps counteract the effects of high altitude.
Explanation of other choices:
A: Anti Natriuretic Factor - This hormone regulates sodium and water balance in the body, not directly related to climbing a mountain.
B: Adrenaline - Released in response to stress or danger, not specifically related to climbing a mountain.
D: Thyroxine - Regulates metabolism and energy levels, not directly related to the physiological response to climbing a mountain.