Nokea
Which antibiotic course is inappropriate for clinical scenario?
- A. Acute simple cystitis - trimethoprim for 3 days in otherwise well young women.
- B. Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis - gentamycin + amoxicillin IV initially followed by 7 days of Augmentin orally.
- C. Pregnancy associated cystitis - nitrofurantoin 5 mg QID for 14 days.
- D. Acute simple cystitis in male patients - Augmentin or trimethoprim for 14 days.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the antibiotic regimen for acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis should not include gentamycin due to its potential toxicity and nephrotoxicity. The initial use of IV gentamycin is not recommended for uncomplicated pyelonephritis. The combination of gentamycin and amoxicillin is not the standard treatment for this condition. Gentamycin should be reserved for more serious infections. The choice of Augmentin for 7 days orally is also not the standard of care for pyelonephritis. The other choices (A, C, D) are appropriate antibiotic regimens for the corresponding clinical scenarios.
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Where are the glomeruli and Bowman’s capsules found?
- A. Renal pelvis
- B. Ureter
- C. Renal cortex
- D. Renal column
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The glomeruli and Bowman's capsules are found in the renal cortex. The renal cortex is the outer layer of the kidney where the initial stages of urine formation occur. Glomeruli are clusters of capillaries responsible for filtering blood, while Bowman's capsules surround the glomeruli and collect the filtrate. The renal pelvis (A) is the innermost part of the kidney where urine collects before entering the ureter (B). Renal columns (D) are extensions of the renal cortex that project into the renal medulla. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it accurately locates the structures involved in urine filtration.
When the nurse is performing a genital examination on a male patient, which action is correct?
- A. Auscultating for the presence of a bruit over the scrotum
- B. Palpating for the vertical chain of lymph nodes along the groin, inferior to the inguinal ligament
- C. Palpating the inguinal canal only if a bulge is present in the inguinal region during inspection
- D. Having the patient shift his weight onto the left (unexamine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Palpating for the vertical chain of lymph nodes along the groin, inferior to the inguinal ligament. This is the correct action during a male genital examination as it helps assess for any abnormalities or signs of infection in the lymphatic system. Palpating the lymph nodes allows the nurse to identify any swelling, tenderness, or enlargement which could indicate underlying health issues. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Auscultating for a bruit over the scrotum is not a standard practice during a genital examination and is not relevant to assessing male genital health.
C: Palpating the inguinal canal only if a bulge is present is incorrect as palpating the inguinal canal should be done regardless of the presence of a bulge to check for hernias.
D: Having the patient shift his weight is not a standard procedure during a genital examination and is not relevant to assessing male genital health.
The following drug is used for oral treatment of trichomonas vaginitis: *
- A. Diiodohydroxyquin
- B. Tinidazole
- C. Clotrimazole
- D. Ketoconazole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tinidazole. This drug is used for oral treatment of trichomonas vaginitis due to its high efficacy against the parasite. Tinidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic that targets anaerobic organisms like Trichomonas vaginalis. Diiodohydroxyquin (A) is used for amoebiasis, not trichomonas. Clotrimazole (C) and Ketoconazole (D) are antifungal medications and not effective against trichomonas parasites.
Which of the following would be examples of foods selected to lower the pH of urine?
- A. Milk
- B. Tea
- C. Apples
- D. Meat
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Apples. Apples are acidic in nature, which can help lower the pH of urine. Consuming acidic foods can make the urine more acidic. Milk is alkaline, so it would raise the pH of urine. Tea can vary in acidity, but generally it is not chosen to lower urine pH. Meat is also not acidic and would not contribute to lowering urine pH. So, apples are the most suitable choice for lowering urine pH among the options provided.
Intravenous Plain NSS infusion is the treatment of choice for the following complications of furosemide therapy:
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Severe dehydration
- C. Dilutional hyponatremia
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Severe dehydration. Intravenous Plain NSS (Normal Saline Solution) infusion is the treatment of choice for severe dehydration due to its ability to rapidly restore fluid and electrolyte balance. Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can lead to excessive fluid loss and dehydration. Plain NSS helps replenish lost fluids and electrolytes quickly.
Rationale for other choices:
A: Hypokalemia - Furosemide can cause hypokalemia by increasing potassium excretion, but treatment involves potassium supplementation or potassium-sparing diuretics, not NSS infusion.
C: Dilutional hyponatremia - Furosemide can lead to dilutional hyponatremia by causing excessive water retention, but treatment focuses on fluid restriction and correcting underlying causes, not NSS infusion.
D: None of the above - This is incorrect as NSS infusion is indicated for severe dehydration in furosemide therapy.