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Which approaches should be included when teaching medication safety to an older, homebound adult?
- A. Always dispose of expired medications in the toilet or the sink; never throw them in the trash can.
- B. Never share medications with others.
- C. If a medication is not finished as prescribed, save it for future use.
- D. Keep medications in their original containers.
- E. Always request childproof containers, even if the patient has trouble opening the lids.
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Expired medications should always be disposed of in the toilet or sink; they should never be thrown in the trash where they could be retrieved by others. Medications should never be shared with anyone else. Medications should always be stored in their original containers. A prescription should always be taken as prescribed by the health care provider. Medications should never be saved for future use. If an older adult has trouble opening childproof medication containers, he should request non-childproof lids.
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The nurse recommends a breathing technique to help a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to empty the lungs of used air and to promote inhalation of adequate oxygen. What is this method of breathing called?
- A. Pursed-lip breathing
- B. Increased inspiration
- C. Vital capacity
- D. Decreased expiration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pursed-lip breathing can help empty the lungs of used air and promote inhalation of additional oxygen.
At mealtime, the older adult seems to be eating less food than would be adequate. Compared to the younger adult, what is a requirement for the older adult?
- A. More fluids
- B. Less calcium
- C. Fewer calories
- D. More vitamins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The older adult requires 30 calories per kilogram of body weight, whereas the younger adult requires 40 calories.
When communicating with an older adult patient, the nurse becomes aware of the fact that the patient is well satisfied with his accomplishments over a lifetime and has no regrets concerning aging. Which of Erikson's developmental stages has the patient achieved?
- A. Acceptance
- B. Withdrawal
- C. Ego integrity
- D. Interaction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The last stage of life is acceptance of life and it results in ego integrity.
What is the best test to identify the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?
- A. Skeletal x-ray
- B. Bone density scan
- C. Calcium blood level
- D. CAT scan
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bone density testing can identify women at risk for fractures.
What is a major difference between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis?
- A. Rheumatoid arthritis is degenerative.
- B. Rheumatoid arthritis only affects patients over 40 years of age.
- C. Rheumatoid arthritis is inflammatory.
- D. Rheumatoid arthritis is curable.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease; osteoarthritis is degenerative. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect patients at any age. Neither type of arthritis is curable.