Nokea
Which are steps in the process of making an antigen-specific antibody?
- A. Antibody-antigen binding
- B. Invasion
- C. Opsonization
- D. Recognition
- E. Sensitization
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: The process of making antigen-specific antibodies includes exposure/invasion, antigen recognition, sensitization, antibody production and release, antigen-antibody binding, antibody binding actions, and sustained immunity. Opsonization is a separate process where antibodies mark antigens for destruction.
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A client receiving muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone OKT3) asks the nurse how the drug works. What response by the nurse is best?
- A. Increases the elimination of T lymphocytes from circulation
- B. It inhibits cytokine production in most lymphocytes
- C. It inhibits cytokine production in most lymphocytes
- D. It prevents the activation of the lymphocytes responsible for rejection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone OKT3) is a monoclonal antibody that increases the elimination of T lymphocytes from circulation, reducing the immune response to prevent transplant rejection.
An older adult has a mild temperature, night sweats, and productive cough. The clients tuberculin test comes back negative. What action by the nurse is best?
- A. Administer pneumonia vaccination
- B. Recognize the client may have a false negative TB test
- C. Teach the client about viral infections
- D. Treat the client as if he or she has tuberculosis (TB)
- E. Tell the client to rest and drink plenty of fluids
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Due to age-related decreases in T lymphocytes, older adults may have a falsely negative TB test. Given symptoms suggestive of TB, the nurse should treat the client as if they have TB.
Which processes need to be functional and interact with each other for a person to be immunocompetent?
- A. Antibody-mediated immunity
- B. Cell-mediated immunity
- C. Inflammation
- D. Red blood cells
- E. White blood cells
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Immunocompetence requires the interaction of antibody-mediated immunity, cell-mediated immunity, and inflammation to effectively protect the body against pathogens.
A student nurse is learning about the types of different cells involved in the inflammatory response. Which principles does the student learn?
- A. Basophils are only involved in the general inflammatory process
- B. Basophils are only involved in the general inflammatory process
- C. Macrophages participate in many episodes of phagocytosis
- D. Monocytes turn into macrophages after they enter body tissues
- E. Neutrophils can only take part in one episode of phagocytosis
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Basophils are involved in both general inflammation and allergic/hypersensitivity responses. Macrophages can perform multiple phagocytosis episodes, monocytes differentiate into macrophages in tissues, and neutrophils are limited to one phagocytosis event.
The nurse working with clients who have autoimmune diseases understands that what component of cell-mediated immunity is the problem?
- A. CD4+ cells
- B. Covered T cells
- C. Natural killer cells
- D. Suppressor T cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Suppressor T cells (also known as regulatory T cells) help prevent hypersensitivity to one's own cells. Dysfunction in these cells can lead to autoimmune diseases.