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A patient presents with chest pain that occurs during heavy lifting or physical exertion and is relieved by rest. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may show transient ST-segment depression. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Stable angina
- B. Unstable angina
- C. Acute myocardial infarction
- D. Prinzmetal's angina
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's symptoms of chest pain occurring during heavy lifting or physical exertion and being relieved by rest are classic characteristics of stable angina. Stable angina is caused by transient myocardial ischemia due to a fixed coronary artery obstruction. Typically, the pain is predictable and reproducible, occurring with exertion and relieved by rest. The transient ST-segment depression on ECG is also a common finding in stable angina, reflecting myocardial ischemia during episodes of chest pain.
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As public health nurse Nurse erica makes sure all the supplies and medicines needed for the care of community are available. This is an example of the principle of
- A. Justice
- B. Respect
- C. Fair treatment
- D. Beneficence
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The principle of beneficence emphasizes the duty to do good and act in the best interest of others. By ensuring that all necessary supplies and medicines are available for the care of the community, Nurse Erica is practicing beneficence. She is fulfilling her obligation to promote the health and well-being of the community members by providing them with the resources they need for their care. This demonstrates her commitment to doing good and acting in a way that benefits those under her care, which aligns with the principle of beneficence in nursing practice.
The grand daughter of dina ask you. How does regular exercise help my grand mother overcome her diabetes? Your BEST response is exercise ______.
- A. "increases metabolic rate and consumption of glucose by the muscles."
- B. " Lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels"
- C. "reduces cardiovascular risks,"
- D. "Increase blood sugar level"
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular exercise is beneficial for individuals with diabetes, including your grandmother, because it helps increase metabolic rate and the consumption of glucose by the muscles. When someone exercises regularly, their muscles become more sensitive to insulin, which helps to lower blood sugar levels. This increased glucose utilization by the muscles can lead to better blood sugar control and overall improved management of diabetes. By incorporating regular exercise into her routine, your grandmother can potentially reduce the need for medications, maintain a healthier weight, and lower the risk of complications associated with diabetes.
When providing health education to a patient, what is an essential aspect of effective communication?
- A. Using complex medical terminology to convey authority.
- B. Speaking quickly to cover more information in less time.
- C. Using clear and simple language to enhance understanding.
- D. Avoiding repetition to prevent boredom.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When providing health education to a patient, using clear and simple language is an essential aspect of effective communication. Medical terminology can be confusing and overwhelming for individuals without a medical background. By using language that the patient can easily understand, you improve their comprehension of the information being conveyed. Speaking quickly or using complex terms can actually hinder communication and may lead to misunderstanding. Clear and simple language helps ensure that the patient fully grasps the information and can make informed decisions about their health.
In planning the nursing care for this patient what is the important nursing intervention a nurse must do?
- A. Encourage patient to release anxiety by crying.
- B. Reassure family that complete recovery is probable.
- C. Assess patient for respiratory distress.
- D. Have patient assist with care.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessing the patient for respiratory distress is the important nursing intervention that must be done in this situation. The scenario provided indicates that the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing increased work of breathing, which puts them at risk for respiratory distress. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the patient's respiratory status closely, including assessing their oxygen saturations, respiratory rate, and effort, to identify any signs of respiratory distress early and intervene promptly. This proactive assessment can help prevent further deterioration of the patient's condition and ensure appropriate nursing interventions are implemented promptly.
The patient during labor would anticipate some emotional support. Which of the following nursing interventions should Nurse Sarah provide to keep the patient calm?
- A. Giving praise for her the sense of satisfaction regarding quick labor.
- B. Support in maintaining a sense of control.
- C. Explanation of the effect of labor on the newborn.
- D. Allowing the patient to express pain and anxiety
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Support in maintaining a sense of control is essential in keeping the patient calm during labor. Giving the patient a sense of control allows them to feel empowered and more in charge of their experience. This can help reduce anxiety and fear, ultimately promoting a more positive and calm labor experience. Providing emotional support by assisting the patient in maintaining control can greatly benefit their overall emotional well-being during this stressful time.