Nokea
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by inflammation and bleeding of the gingival tissues, often caused by bacterial plaque accumulation?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Gingivitis
- C. Periodontitis
- D. Dental abscess
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gingivitis is a dental condition characterized by inflammation and bleeding of the gingival tissues. It is often caused by poor oral hygiene leading to the accumulation of bacterial plaque along the gumline. The plaque contains bacteria that release toxins, leading to inflammation of the gums. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more serious condition that affects the supporting structures of the teeth. Regular dental cleanings, proper oral hygiene practices, and professional treatment can help manage and prevent gingivitis.
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Patient's health teaching for Lamotrigine (Lamictal} should include which of the following?
- A. Take each dose with food to avoid nausea.
- B. Eat a balanced diet to avoid weight gain.
- C. Report any rashes to your doctor immediately.
- D. This drug may cause psychological dependence.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lamotrigine (Lamictal) is known to cause a serious rash, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is crucial for patients taking Lamotrigine to be aware of this potential side effect and report any skin rashes to their healthcare provider promptly. Early detection and appropriate management are essential in preventing serious complications related to these rashes.
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of ovarian cancer?
- A. Multiparity
- B. Use of oral contraceptives
- C. Early age at menarche
- D. Family history of breast cancer
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A family history of breast cancer is a known risk factor for the development of ovarian cancer. Individuals with a close relative (such as a mother, sister, or daughter) who has had breast cancer have a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer. This increased risk is due to shared genetic factors that can predispose individuals to both breast and ovarian cancers. Therefore, having a family history of breast cancer is an important risk factor to consider in the assessment of ovarian cancer risk.
Patients like Emmy who have experienced delayed hypersensivity to latex FREQUENTLY complains of ______.
- A. flushing, bronchospasm
- B. urticaria, laryngeal edema
- C. rhinitis, conjunctivitis, blisters
- D. papules, vesicles, pruritus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients like Emmy who have experienced delayed hypersensitivity to latex typically present with symptoms such as rhinitis (runny or stuffy nose) and conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eyes). In addition, delayed hypersensitivity reactions often involve skin manifestations, such as blisters. These symptoms are reflective of the inflammatory response triggered by exposure to latex in individuals with delayed hypersensitivity. Symptoms like flushing, bronchospasm, urticaria, laryngeal edema, papules, vesicles, and pruritus are more commonly associated with immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions rather than delayed hypersensitivity reactions in latex-sensitive individuals.
A patient is prescribed an antipsychotic medication for the management of schizophrenia. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Extrapyramidal symptoms
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antipsychotic medications, especially first-generation antipsychotics, can cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) as an adverse effect. EPS include symptoms such as muscle rigidity, tremors, akathisia (restlessness), and tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements of the face and body). These symptoms are due to the medications' effects on the dopamine system in the brain. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the patient closely for EPS because they can be uncomfortable, distressing, and may impact the patient's quality of life and medication adherence. Early recognition and management of EPS are essential to prevent further complications and improve the patient's overall well-being.
Which intervention should the nurse use to promote rest?
- A. Develop a routine with the patient to balance her studies and her rest needs .
- B. Include a significant other in helping the patient understand the need for. rest.
- C. Instruct the patient that the: baby 's health is more important than her studies at this time,
- D. Ask her why she is not complying with the prescription of bed rest.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Developing a routine with the patient to balance her studies and rest needs is the most appropriate intervention to promote rest. This approach considers the patient's responsibilities and can help her organize her time effectively to ensure she gets adequate rest while managing her studies. It acknowledges the importance of rest without completely disregarding the patient's other commitments, ultimately fostering a balanced approach to self-care. This intervention is patient-centered and collaborative, empowering the patient to take an active role in prioritizing rest alongside her educational responsibilities.