Nokea
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by inflammation of the gingival tissues surrounding the teeth, often caused by poor oral hygiene?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Periodontitis
- C. Dental abscess
- D. Oral candidiasis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Periodontitis is the dental condition characterized by inflammation of the gingival tissues surrounding the teeth. It is typically caused by poor oral hygiene practices, leading to plaque buildup and eventually gum disease. If left untreated, periodontitis can cause serious damage to the gum tissue and the underlying bones supporting the teeth, which can eventually result in tooth loss. Regular dental check-ups, proper oral hygiene habits, and professional cleanings are important for preventing and managing periodontitis.
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A patient presents with crushing chest pain that lasts longer than 20 minutes, diaphoresis, and dyspnea. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows ST-segment elevation in the anterior leads. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Stable angina
- B. Unstable angina
- C. Acute myocardial infarction
- D. Prinzmetal's angina
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient is most likely experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) based on the presentation of crushing chest pain lasting longer than 20 minutes, diaphoresis, dyspnea, and ST-segment elevation on the ECG. These symptoms are consistent with the classic presentation of an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which is a type of acute MI that is characterized by prolonged ischemia leading to myocardial cell death. In this case, the ST-segment elevation in the anterior leads indicates myocardial damage in the corresponding area of the heart supplied by the affected coronary artery. This is a medical emergency that requires urgent intervention to restore blood flow to the affected myocardium and prevent further complications.
What would Merle do to keep abreast with the latest trends in peri-operative nursing?
- A. Attend training and seminars
- B. All of these
- C. Perform researches
- D. Pursue graduate studies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To keep abreast with the latest trends in peri-operative nursing, Merle should employ a combination of attending training and seminars, performing researches, and pursuing graduate studies. Attending training and seminars will expose Merle to new information, techniques, and best practices in peri-operative nursing. Performing researches will help Merle stay updated with current developments and evidence-based practices in the field. Pursuing graduate studies will provide Merle with advanced knowledge and skills, allowing for a deeper understanding of peri-operative nursing concepts and practices. By incorporating all of these strategies, Merle can ensure that he remains knowledgeable and competent in his role as a peri-operative nurse.
When providing health education to a patient, what is an essential aspect of effective communication?
- A. Using complex medical terminology to convey authority.
- B. Speaking quickly to cover more information in less time.
- C. Using clear and simple language to enhance understanding.
- D. Avoiding repetition to prevent boredom.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When providing health education to a patient, using clear and simple language is an essential aspect of effective communication. Medical terminology can be confusing and overwhelming for individuals without a medical background. By using language that the patient can easily understand, you improve their comprehension of the information being conveyed. Speaking quickly or using complex terms can actually hinder communication and may lead to misunderstanding. Clear and simple language helps ensure that the patient fully grasps the information and can make informed decisions about their health.
Which of the following laboratory findings is most consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
- A. Elevated serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) level
- B. Decreased serum albumin level
- C. Elevated white blood cell count (WBC)
- D. Increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe condition characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs leading to increased pulmonary vascular permeability, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and respiratory failure. In ARDS, the alveolar-capillary barrier is disrupted, resulting in fluid accumulation in the alveoli and impaired gas exchange.
A patient presents with sudden onset of weakness and numbness on one side of the body, along with difficulty speaking and understanding speech. Imaging reveals an acute infarction involving the left middle cerebral artery territory. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
- B. Intracerebral hemorrhage
- C. Ischemic stroke
- D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient is presenting with sudden onset weakness and numbness on one side of the body, along with difficulty speaking and understanding speech, which are typical symptoms of a stroke. Imaging revealing an acute infarction involving the left middle cerebral artery territory is consistent with an ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke occurs when there is a blockage in a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to the affected area, resulting in neurological deficits. This is in contrast to an intracerebral hemorrhage, which is caused by bleeding into the brain tissue, or a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which involves bleeding into the space surrounding the brain. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a temporary episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a brief blockage of blood flow to a part of the brain, usually resolving within 24 hours. In this case, the presentation and imaging findings are most