Nokea
Which cellular appendage enables cells to move through their environments?
- A. Flagellum
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Transport protein
- D. Receptor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: "Flagellum" is a whip-like appendage that allows certain cells to move through their environment.
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During protein synthesis, what process uses an RNA strand to produce a complementary strand of DNA?
- A. Transcription
- B. Translation
- C. Transfer synthesis
- D. Codon synthesis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is transcription. Transcription is the process in which an RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template. During transcription, an RNA polymerase enzyme reads the DNA template and produces a complementary RNA strand, not DNA. This RNA strand is used as a template in translation to synthesize proteins, where the mRNA is read to produce a protein.
What is the first step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate?
- A. Glycolysis
- B. Krebs cycle
- C. Electron transport chain
- D. Aerobic respiration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Glycolysis. Glycolysis is the initial step in the conversion of glucose to pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. During glycolysis, glucose is enzymatically broken down into pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH as energy carriers. Following glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, and aerobic respiration continue the breakdown of pyruvate to produce more ATP through oxidative phosphorylation and complete the cellular respiration process.
What molecules are unmetabolized by the body, but are used to increase reaction rates?
- A. Sugars.
- B. Proteins.
- C. Enzymes.
- D. Lipids.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Enzymes. Enzymes are molecules that increase reaction rates by acting as catalysts in biochemical reactions. They are not metabolized by the body, meaning they remain unchanged after facilitating the reactions. Sugars (choice A), proteins (choice B), and lipids (choice D) are all metabolized by the body to provide energy or building blocks for various cellular functions, unlike enzymes which remain unchanged. Therefore, enzymes are the only choice that fits the description of being unmetabolized molecules used to increase reaction rates.
A scientist needs 12 mL of a solution. They have a bottle with 0.12 L in it. Do they have enough?
- A. Yes, they have exactly what they need
- B. Yes, they have more than what they need
- C. No, they do not have enough
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To convert 0.12 L to mL, you multiply by 1000 (since 1 L = 1000 mL). Therefore, 0.12 L = 120 mL. Since the scientist needs only 12 mL, the bottle contains more than enough solution, making choice B the correct answer.
What's the first step in the process of respiration?
- A. Fermentation.
- B. Glycolysis.
- C. Krebs cycle.
- D. Electron transport chain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: