Cardiovascular System Exam Questions

Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam Questions related questions and content

Which chronic condition is characterized by abnormally thickened heart muscle, making it harder for the heart to pump blood efficiently?

  • A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • B. Dilated cardiomyopathy
  • C. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
  • D. Ventricular hypertrophy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by thickening of the heart muscle.
2. The thickening reduces the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently.
3. This leads to symptoms like shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue.
4. HCM is a genetic condition that affects the heart's structure.
5. Dilated cardiomyopathy involves the heart becoming enlarged, not thickened.
6. Restrictive cardiomyopathy refers to stiffening of the heart muscle.
7. Ventricular hypertrophy is a general term for thickening of the heart's chambers, not the muscle itself.

Summary:
A is correct as HCM matches the description provided. B, C, and D do not align with the specific characteristics of abnormally thickened heart muscle seen in HCM.

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What is a surgical procedure to remove one of the lobes of the lungs, often performed to treat lung cancer?

  • A. Lobectomy
  • B. Pneumonectomy
  • C. Thoracotomy
  • D. Tracheostomy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lobectomy. A lobectomy involves the surgical removal of one of the lobes of the lungs, often performed to treat lung cancer localized in a specific lobe. This procedure allows for targeted removal of cancerous tissue while preserving the remaining healthy lung tissue.

Explanation for other choices:
B: Pneumonectomy - This involves the complete removal of an entire lung and is not specific to removing a lobe.
C: Thoracotomy - This is a surgical incision into the chest, not specific to removing a lobe of the lung.
D: Tracheostomy - This is a surgical procedure to create an opening in the neck to insert a tube into the trachea for breathing and is not related to removing a lobe of the lung.

The nurse is caring for a client on heparin. What is the most important lab value to monitor?

  • A. aPTT
  • B. INR
  • C. Platelet count
  • D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: aPTT. This lab value is crucial for monitoring heparin therapy as it measures the effectiveness of the medication in preventing blood clots. Monitoring aPTT helps ensure the client is within the therapeutic range to prevent bleeding or clotting complications. Incorrect choices:
B: INR is used to monitor warfarin therapy, not heparin.
C: Platelet count is important, but aPTT is more directly related to heparin therapy.
D: Hemoglobin is important for assessing anemia but not specific to monitoring heparin therapy.

The nurse determines that the treatment of heart failure has been successful when the patient experiences

  • A. Weight loss and diuresis
  • B. Warm skin and less fatigue
  • C. Clear lung sounds and decreased heart rate
  • D. Absence of chest pain and improved LOC
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Successful treatment of heart failure is indicated by an absence of symptoms of pulmonary edema and hypoxemia, such as clear lung sounds and a normal heart rate.

Mrs. Payer's care plan during the acute phase following MI should include attention to such psychologic aspects as fear, stress, and hopefulness. Therapeutic goals from the time of admission must be geared to

  • A. acceptance
  • B. rehabilitation
  • C. slowing down
  • D. dependence
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acceptance facilitates adaptation to illness.

Which condition is characterized by an inability to effectively pump blood, leading to fluid buildup and swelling in the body?

  • A. Heart failure
  • B. Cardiomyopathy
  • C. Angina
  • D. Myocarditis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Heart failure is characterized by the heart's inability to effectively pump blood, leading to fluid buildup and swelling.
Step 2: Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, which may contribute to heart failure but is not the direct cause of fluid buildup.
Step 3: Angina is chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart, not directly related to fluid buildup.
Step 4: Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle, which can lead to heart failure but is not the primary cause of fluid accumulation.
Summary: Heart failure is the correct answer as it directly relates to the inability of the heart to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid accumulation. Cardiomyopathy, angina, and myocarditis are related to heart health but do not directly cause fluid buildup in the body.

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