Cardiovascular System Exam Questions

Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam Questions related questions and content

What is a surgical procedure to create an opening in the windpipe to assist with breathing?

  • A. Tracheostomy
  • B. Lobectomy
  • C. Thoracotomy
  • D. Pleurodesis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tracheostomy. This surgical procedure involves creating an opening in the windpipe to assist with breathing by bypassing any obstructions in the upper airway. It is commonly performed in cases of severe respiratory distress or when a patient requires long-term mechanical ventilation.

Choice B: Lobectomy involves surgical removal of a lobe of the lung and does not directly relate to creating an opening in the windpipe for breathing assistance.

Choice C: Thoracotomy is a surgical incision into the chest wall but is not specifically related to creating an opening in the windpipe.

Choice D: Pleurodesis is a procedure to treat recurrent pleural effusion by creating adhesions between the layers of the pleura but does not involve creating an opening in the windpipe.

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The client asks about side effects of taking digoxin. How does the nurse respond?

  • A. Anorexia can be a side effect of digoxin.
  • B. Tachycardia can be a side effect of digoxin.
  • C. Constipation can be a side effect of digoxin.
  • D. Urinary retention can be a side effect of digoxin.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anorexia can be a side effect of digoxin. Digoxin is known to cause anorexia due to its impact on the gastrointestinal system. It can lead to nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite, resulting in anorexia. Tachycardia (choice B) is not a common side effect of digoxin, as it is actually used to treat certain types of arrhythmias. Constipation (choice C) and urinary retention (choice D) are also not typically associated with digoxin use. In summary, anorexia is a known side effect of digoxin, while tachycardia, constipation, and urinary retention are not commonly linked to this medication.

What is most organ damage in hypertension related to?

  • A. Increased fluid pressure exerted against organ tissue
  • B. Atherosclerotic changes in vessels that supply the organs
  • C. Erosion and thinning of blood vessels from constant pressure
  • D. Increased hydrostatic pressure causing leakage of plasma into organ interstitial spaces
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Atherosclerosis impairs organ perfusion.

At 9:00 pm, you admit a 63-year-old with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to the ED. The physician is considering the use of fibrinolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA, alteplase). Which information is most important to communicate to the physician?

  • A. The patient was treated with alteplase about 8 months ago.
  • B. The patient takes famotidine (Pepcid) for esophageal reflux.
  • C. The patient has T wave inversions on the 12-lead ECG.
  • D. The patient has had continuous chest pain since 1:00 pM.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Continuous chest pain indicates ongoing ischemia, making the patient a candidate for fibrinolytic therapy within the therapeutic window.

A patient recently had a cardiac catheterization via right-radial approach and now has a compression device in place. The patient reports numbness and pain in the right hand. The cardiac-vascular nurse notes a diminished pulse, with a cool and cyanotic hand. The nurse:

  • A. calls the physician.
  • B. performs an Allen test.
  • C. reduces the pressure on the puncture site.
  • D. uses the Doppler ultrasound to assess for pulse signals.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Reducing pressure on the puncture site is necessary to restore blood flow to the hand.

What is a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to a buildup of fluid in the lungs and other parts of the body?

  • A. Heart failure
  • B. Cardiomyopathy
  • C. Myocardial infarction
  • D. Pulmonary edema
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): Heart failure is the correct answer because it is a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body. This occurs due to the heart's inability to adequately circulate blood, causing congestion and fluid retention. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling. Treatment aims to improve heart function and manage symptoms.

Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B (Cardiomyopathy): Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, which can lead to heart failure, but it is not the specific condition described in the question.
C (Myocardial infarction): Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, results from a blockage in a coronary artery causing damage to the heart muscle, but it does not directly lead to fluid buildup in the lungs and body.
D (Pulmonary edema): Pulmonary edema is a condition characterized by fluid

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