Cardiovascular System Exam

Cardiovascular System Exam Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam related questions and content

Which chronic respiratory condition is characterized by the narrowing and inflammation of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing?

  • A. Asthma
  • B. COPD
  • C. Bronchitis
  • D. Pneumonia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and narrowing, leading to difficulty breathing.
2. It is a chronic respiratory condition with symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
3. Asthma exacerbations can be triggered by various factors like allergens or exercise.
4. Treatment includes bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory medications to manage symptoms.
5. COPD, bronchitis, and pneumonia involve different pathophysiological mechanisms and are not primarily characterized by airway narrowing.

Summary:
Asthma is the correct answer due to its specific features of airway inflammation and narrowing, distinct from COPD, bronchitis, and pneumonia, which have different underlying causes and symptoms.

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A client is admitted to the hospital with a dysrhythmia. Which of the following is the most common cause of dysrhythmias?

  • A. Hypothermia
  • B. Metabolic acidosis
  • C. Drug therapy
  • D. Ischemic heart disease
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of dysrhythmias due to compromised blood flow to the heart muscle.

What is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system, leading to thick, sticky mucus that can clog the airways?

  • A. Cystic fibrosis
  • B. COPD
  • C. Bronchiectasis
  • D. Pulmonary fibrosis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, leading to the production of thick mucus that affects the lungs and digestive system. This thick mucus can clog the airways, causing breathing difficulties and increasing the risk of lung infections. COPD (Choice B) is a different condition characterized by airflow obstruction usually due to smoking. Bronchiectasis (Choice C) is a condition where the airways are permanently widened and can also lead to mucus buildup but is not specific to the CFTR gene mutation. Pulmonary fibrosis (Choice D) is a lung disease characterized by scarring of lung tissue, not mucus buildup.

The client on atorvastatin (Lipitor) should be advised to report which of the following symptoms?

  • A. Muscle pain
  • B. Headache
  • C. Nausea
  • D. Dizziness
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Muscle pain. Atorvastatin can cause muscle pain as a side effect, which may progress to a serious condition called rhabdomyolysis. This requires immediate medical attention. Headache, nausea, and dizziness are less common side effects of atorvastatin and generally not as serious as muscle pain in this context. Reporting muscle pain promptly can help prevent complications and ensure appropriate management.

When administering enoxaparin (Lovenox) to a client, what is the most important lab value to monitor?

  • A. Platelet count
  • B. aPTT
  • C. Hemoglobin
  • D. INR
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Platelet count. When administering enoxaparin, the most important lab value to monitor is the platelet count because enoxaparin can cause thrombocytopenia, a potentially serious adverse effect. Monitoring platelet count helps to detect and prevent this complication.

Summary of other choices:
B: aPTT - Enoxaparin does not directly affect aPTT, so monitoring this value is not as critical as platelet count.
C: Hemoglobin - While monitoring hemoglobin may be important for some conditions, it is not the most crucial lab value to monitor when administering enoxaparin.
D: INR - Enoxaparin does not affect the INR, so monitoring this value is not necessary when administering this medication.

Which type of heart valve disease occurs when the mitral valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward into the left atrium?

  • A. Mitral regurgitation
  • B. Aortic stenosis
  • C. Tricuspid regurgitation
  • D. Pulmonary hypertension
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mitral regurgitation. When the mitral valve does not close properly, it causes blood to flow backward into the left atrium during the heart's contraction phase. This condition is known as mitral regurgitation. Aortic stenosis (B) is narrowing of the aortic valve, not related to the mitral valve. Tricuspid regurgitation (C) involves the tricuspid valve, not the mitral valve. Pulmonary hypertension (D) is high blood pressure in the lungs, not directly related to a malfunctioning mitral valve.

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