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Which complaint made by the client to the nurse can best be attributed to varicose leg veins?
- A. My legs and feet feel tired after prolonged standing.
- B. My feet perspire heavily during the day.
- C. I wake up at night with a restless feeling in my legs.
- D. I have pain in my shins when I jog.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Varicose veins often cause fatigue and heaviness in the legs, especially after prolonged standing, due to impaired venous return.
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Which health-care provider’s order should the nurse question in a client diagnosed with an expanding abdominal aortic aneurysm who is scheduled for surgery in the morning?
- A. Type and crossmatch for two (2) units of blood.
- B. Tap water enema until clear fecal return.
- C. Bedrest with bathroom privileges.
- D. Keep nothing by mouth (NPO) after midnight.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Enemas (B) risk increasing intra-abdominal pressure, dangerous in expanding AAA. Blood crossmatch (A), bedrest (C), and NPO (D) are appropriate pre-surgery.
The nurse is discussing the importance of exercising with a client who is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for encouraging 30 minutes of walking daily to help prevent complications of atherosclerosis?
- A. Exercise promotes the development of collateral circulation.
- B. Isometric exercises help develop the client's muscle mass.
- C. Daily exercise helps prevent plaque from developing in the vessel.
- D. Isotonic exercises promote the transport of glucose into the cell.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Walking promotes collateral circulation (A), improving blood flow in CAD. Isometric exercises (B) increase BP, plaque prevention (C) is indirect, and glucose transport (D) is unrelated.
The client with aortic stenosis asks why they feel tired. What is the best response?
- A. Your heart is not pumping enough blood.
- B. Your lungs are retaining fluid.
- C. Your blood pressure is too high.
- D. Your heart rate is too slow.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aortic stenosis restricts blood flow from the heart, reducing cardiac output and causing fatigue.
Which activity should the nurse advise a client with a new pacemaker to avoid?
- A. Swimming in a chlorinated pool
- B. Using a microwave oven
- C. Lifting heavy objects for 6 weeks
- D. Walking for exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Avoiding heavy lifting for 6 weeks prevents dislodgement of pacemaker leads.
Which finding in a client with cardiomyopathy indicates a need for immediate action?
- A. Blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg
- B. New irregular heart rhythm
- C. Mild leg swelling
- D. Fatigue after activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A new irregular heart rhythm may indicate a life-threatening arrhythmia, requiring immediate intervention.