Immune System Quiz Quizlet

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Which complement pathway is triggered by mannose-binding lectin (MBL)?

  • A. Alternative pathway
  • B. Classical pathway
  • C. Lectin pathway
  • D. Terminal pathway
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Lectin pathway. MBL recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns containing mannose, initiating the lectin pathway. MBL binds to mannose on microbial surfaces, activating MBL-associated serine proteases, leading to the formation of the C3 convertase. This triggers the rest of the complement cascade.

A: Alternative pathway is triggered by spontaneous hydrolysis of C3, not by MBL.
B: Classical pathway is activated by antigen-antibody complexes, not MBL.
D: Terminal pathway (also known as the membrane attack complex) is the final step of all complement pathways, not specifically triggered by MBL.

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Follicular dendritic cells

  • A. Are found in the blood
  • B. Are important for sustaining antibody responses
  • C. Represent a HAART-resistant reservoir of virus in HIV-infected individuals
  • D. Can activate naïve T lymphocytes
Correct Answer: E

Rationale: I'm sorry, but the question you provided does not have option E listed. Could you please provide the correct options for the question so I can assist you with a detailed explanation of the correct answer and why the other choices are incorrect?

In a patient with a CD4 count less than 200, the most important nursing assessment would include:

  • A. Bowel movements.
  • B. Urinary output.
  • C. Fever.
  • D. Blood pressure.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A CD4 count below 200 indicates advanced HIV infection (AIDS), making the patient highly susceptible to opportunistic infections. Fever is a key sign of infection and requires immediate attention. Bowel movements and urinary output are less urgent priorities in this context.

The patient is experiencing fibrosis and glomerulopathy a year after a kidney transplant. Which type of rejection is occurring?

  • A. Acute
  • B. Chronic
  • C. Delayed
  • D. Hyperacute
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chronic rejection occurs over time and involves fibrosis and structural changes in the transplanted organ.

Priority Decision: On assessment of a central venous access device (CVAD) site, the nurse observes that the transparent dressing is loose along two sides. What should the nurse do immediately?

  • A. Wait and change the dressing when it is due
  • B. Tape the two loose sides down and document
  • C. Apply a gauze dressing over the transparent dressing and tape securely
  • D. Remove the dressing and apply a new transparent dressing using sterile technique
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Loose dressings increase infection risk; replacing the dressing with sterile technique ensures safety.

During data collection, the nurse learns the patient is allergic to shellfish. Which precautions should be implemented during the patient's hospitalization?

  • A. The patient should be placed in a private room.
  • B. The kitchen should use dedicated equipment for all of the patient's food preparation.
  • C. Iodine-based skin preparations should be replaced with different bactericidal cleansers.
  • D. The patient's allergy should be noted on the medical record and communicated clearly to all caretakers.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale:
1. The correct answer is D because it addresses the essential action of noting the patient's allergy on the medical record and communicating it to all caretakers to prevent inadvertent exposure.
2. Choice A is not necessary unless the patient's allergy poses an infection control risk that warrants isolation.
3. Choice B is excessive and not required as long as cross-contamination is prevented during food preparation.
4. Choice C is unrelated to the patient's shellfish allergy and not a standard precaution in this scenario.