Nokea
Which condition is characterized by high blood glucose levels?
- A. diabetes mellitus
- B. hypoglycemia
- C. hypothyroidism
- D. hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: diabetes mellitus. This condition is characterized by high blood glucose levels due to either insufficient insulin production or the body's inability to use insulin effectively. In diabetes, glucose cannot enter cells for energy, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Hypoglycemia (B) is low blood sugar levels, opposite of the question. Hypothyroidism (C) is a condition involving an underactive thyroid gland, not directly related to blood glucose levels. Hyperthyroidism (D) is an overactive thyroid gland, also not directly linked to high blood glucose levels.
You may also like to solve these questions
Regarding starvation:
- A. glycogen provides enough fuel for 48 hours
- B. ketoacids derived from fats, are used by the brain and other tissues
- C. hypoglycaemia has a protein sparing effect
- D. average time until death is 40 days
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for the correct answer (B):
1. During starvation, the body shifts to using ketoacids derived from fats for fuel.
2. The brain and other tissues can utilize these ketoacids.
3. This process helps to spare protein and prevent muscle breakdown.
4. Therefore, choice B is correct as ketoacids play a crucial role in providing energy during starvation.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A: Glycogen stores are depleted within 24 hours, not 48 hours.
C: Hypoglycemia during starvation does not have a protein sparing effect.
D: The average time until death from starvation is typically much shorter than 40 days.
What is a light-year?
- A. the distance travelled by light in a vacuum in 1 year
- B. the distance travelled by light in a vacuum in 100 000 years
- C. the time taken for light to travel across the Milky Way
- D. the time taken for light to travel from the Sun to the Earth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: the distance travelled by light in a vacuum in 1 year. Light-year is a unit of astronomical distance, not time. Light travels at a constant speed in a vacuum, approximately 299,792 kilometers per second. In one year, light can travel about 9.46 trillion kilometers, which is defined as one light-year. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately define a light-year in terms of distance traveled by light in a vacuum over a specific time period.
The nurse determines that a patient with a 2-hour OGTT of 152 mg/dL has
- A. diabetes
- B. impaired fasting glucose
- C. elevated A1C
- D. impaired glucose tolerance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 2-hour OGTT result of 152 mg/dL indicates impaired glucose tolerance, which is a prediabetes state.
Which is true of dark (red) muscle?
- A. This muscle is optimized for endurance training
- B. There is less mitochondria in this muscle
- C. This muscle contains more fast-twitch fibers
- D. This muscle contains an equal amount of fast and slow twitch fibers
Correct Answer: a
Rationale: The correct answer is A: This muscle is optimized for endurance training. Dark (red) muscle contains more myoglobin, which stores oxygen and enhances endurance performance. This muscle type is rich in mitochondria, allowing for sustained energy production. Choice B is incorrect because dark muscle actually has more mitochondria. Choice C is incorrect because dark muscle contains more slow-twitch fibers, which are fatigue-resistant and contribute to endurance. Choice D is incorrect because dark muscle predominantly consists of slow-twitch fibers, making it optimized for endurance rather than speed.
Which of the following is NOT related to adrenal medulla structure and function?
- A. Inner portion of adrenal gland.
- B. Controlled by the nervous system.
- C. Regulates levels of glucose and minerals in the blood.
- D. Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Regulates levels of glucose and minerals in the blood. The adrenal medulla is responsible for producing epinephrine and norepinephrine, not regulating blood glucose and minerals. The inner portion of the adrenal gland refers to the adrenal medulla. It is controlled by the nervous system, specifically the sympathetic nervous system. Epinephrine and norepinephrine produced by the adrenal medulla are involved in the body's fight-or-flight response, not in regulating blood glucose and minerals. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer as it is not related to adrenal medulla structure and function.