Nokea
Which condition is the most life-threatening virus to the fetus and neonate?
- A. Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
- B. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- C. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
- D. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses the most significant threat to the fetus and neonate.
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A nurse providing dietary teaching for a client who is at 29 weeks of gestation and has phenylketonuriWhich of the following suggested foods should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. A peanut butter sandwich on wheat bread
- B. A sliced apple and red grapes
- C. A chocolate chip cookie with a glass of skim milk
- D. A scrambled egg with cheddar cheese
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clients with phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid high-protein foods such as dairy, eggs, and nuts, as they contain phenylalanine. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-protein foods is recommended to prevent cognitive impairment from phenylalanine accumulation.
Which type of genetic tests in clinical practice are most often offered to clients with a family history of disease?
- A. Single-gene disorders
- B. Carrier screening
- C. Predictive value testing
- D. Predispositional testing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Most tests now offered are tests for single-gene disorders in clients with clinical symptoms or clients who have a family history of a genetic disease. Carrier screening is used to identify individuals who have a gene mutation for a genetic condition but do not display symptoms. Predictive value testing is used only to clarify the genetic status of asymptomatic family members. Predispositional testing differs from the other types of genetic screening in that a positive result does not indicate a 100% chance of developing the condition.
The nurse is providing care to a 75-year-old female patient diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following would be the priority nursing diagnosis?
- A. At risk for falls related to impaired balance
- B. Knowledge deficit related to new medication regimen
- C. Impaired physical mobility related to pain and skeletal changes
- D. Ineffective health maintenance related to continued immobility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: At risk for falls related to impaired balance. This is the priority nursing diagnosis because falls in elderly patients with osteoporosis can lead to serious consequences such as fractures. Assessing and addressing impaired balance can help prevent falls.
Choice B is incorrect as addressing the risk of falls is more urgent than educating the patient on a new medication regimen. Choice C is also incorrect as addressing mobility issues can come after addressing the risk of falls. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses on health maintenance rather than immediate safety concerns like the risk of falls.
Which resource best describes a health care service representing the tertiary level of prevention?
- A. Stress management seminars
- B. Childbirth education classes for single parents
- C. BSE pamphlet and teaching
- D. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) support group
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A PMS support group represents tertiary prevention, addressing a condition post-occurrence. Primary prevention includes stress management, childbirth education, and BSE pamphlets, which focus on health promotion and early detection.
A woman has preinvasive cancer of the cervix. Which modality would the nurse discuss as an available option for a client with this condition?
- A. Cryosurgery
- B. Colposcopy
- C. Hysterectomy
- D. Internal radiation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cryosurgery, laser surgery, and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) are techniques used to treat preinvasive lesions. Colposcopy is the examination of the cervix with a stereoscopic binocular microscope that magnifies the view of the cervix.