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Which diagnostic test is commonly used to evaluate the structure and patency of the uterus and fallopian tubes?
- A. Semen analysis.
- B. Endometrial biopsy.
- C. Hysterosalpingography.
- D. Testicular biopsy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hysterosalpingography. This test involves injecting a contrast dye into the uterus and fallopian tubes to evaluate their structure and patency. It helps diagnose issues like blockages or abnormalities. Semen analysis (A) is used to evaluate male fertility, not the uterus or fallopian tubes. Endometrial biopsy (B) is used to evaluate the uterine lining, not the structure of the uterus or fallopian tubes. Testicular biopsy (D) is used to assess male reproductive health, not female reproductive structures. Therefore, C is the correct choice for evaluating the structure and patency of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
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Based on the karyotype shown below, which of the following conclusions can the nurse make about the female baby?
- A. She has a genetically normal karyotype.
- B. She has trisomy 21.
- C. She has fragile X syndrome.
- D. She has an autosomal monosomy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is indicated by three copies of chromosome 21.
A patient asks about intrauterine insemination (IUI) as a treatment option. What should the nurse explain?
- A. IUI involves placing washed sperm directly into the uterus.
- B. IUI bypasses the need for ovulation tracking.
- C. IUI eliminates the risk of multiple pregnancies.
- D. IUI guarantees fertilization.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because IUI involves placing washed sperm directly into the uterus, increasing the chances of fertilization. This process bypasses potential issues in the reproductive tract and brings sperm closer to the egg, enhancing the likelihood of conception. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as IUI still requires ovulation tracking, does not eliminate the risk of multiple pregnancies, and does not guarantee fertilization as it depends on various factors.
A woman undergoing evaluation of infertility states, "At least when we're through with all of these tests, we will know what is wrong." The nurse's best response is
- A. "I know the test will identify what is wrong."
- B. "I'm sure that once you finish these tests, your problem will be resolved."
- C. "Even with diagnostic testing, infertility remains unexplained in about 20% of couples."
- D. "Once you've identified your problem, you may want to look at the option of adoption."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it acknowledges the uncertainty in diagnosing infertility, which can remain unexplained in about 20% of couples even after testing. This response is the best because it provides realistic information without giving false hope or making assumptions.
Choice A is incorrect because it asserts that the tests will definitely identify the problem, which is not always the case. Choice B is incorrect as it assumes the problem will be resolved after testing, which may not be true. Choice D is incorrect as it jumps to the conclusion of adoption without addressing the uncertainty of infertility testing.
How does lifestyle modification improve male fertility?
- A. By directly increasing sperm motility and morphology.
- B. By reducing stress and improving overall reproductive health.
- C. By guaranteeing successful fertilization.
- D. By eliminating the need for medical treatments.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because lifestyle modifications such as reducing stress, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding harmful substances, and exercising can improve male fertility by optimizing overall reproductive health. Stress reduction can positively impact hormone levels and sperm production. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because lifestyle modifications do not directly guarantee successful fertilization, eliminate the need for medical treatments, or directly improve sperm motility and morphology.
A woman who is taking clomiphene citrate (Clomid) phones the infertility clinic and says that she has some nausea each morning and frequency of urination. She suspects that she may be pregnant. The correct nursing response is to:
- A. Tell her that pregnancy cannot be determined until she misses her next period.
- B. Have her come to the clinic promptly for sensitive pregnancy testing.
- C. Explain that she should have a pregnancy test after she completes this drug cycle.
- D. Reassure her that her symptoms are commonly seen in women who take this drug.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct nursing response is to tell the woman that pregnancy cannot be determined until she misses her next period. Symptoms like nausea and frequency of urination can be side effects of clomiphene citrate (Clomid) and do not guarantee pregnancy.