Nokea
Which eye procedure is used to remove the epithelial layer of the cornea while a laser sculpts the cornea to correct refractive errors?
- A. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
- B. Intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS)
- C. Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
- D. Conductive keratoplasty (CK)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: PRK involves removing the epithelial layer before reshaping the cornea with a laser.
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A client with asthma is taking fluticasone. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Hypertension
- C. Polyuria
- D. Oral candidiasis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Oral candidiasis. Fluticasone is a corticosteroid inhaler that can cause oral candidiasis as a common adverse effect due to its immunosuppressive properties. The step-by-step rationale is: 1. Fluticasone is a corticosteroid. 2. Corticosteroids can suppress the immune system. 3. Immunosuppression can lead to oral candidiasis. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Hypoglycemia is not a common adverse effect of fluticasone. B: Hypertension is not typically associated with fluticasone use. C: Polyuria is not a common side effect of fluticasone.
Joan is diagnosed with a ruptured aneurysm. She wonders why this was not picked up in her annual physical. You respond by saying
- A. The physician must have misread the x-ray.
- B. The aneurysm must have developed since the physical.
- C. Aneurysms are often asymptomatic.
- D. Do not be too concerned because this happens all the time.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aneurysms can develop silently without noticeable symptoms.
The nurses on a unit are planning for stoma care for clients who have a stoma for fecal diversion. Which stomal diversion poses the highest risk for skin breakdown:
- A. Ileostomy.
- B. Transverse colostomy.
- C. Ileal conduit.
- D. Sigmoid colostomy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ileostomies produce more caustic effluent, increasing skin irritation risk.
When a client is having a general tonic clonic seizure, the nurse should:
- A. Hold the client's arms at their side.
- B. Place the client on their side.
- C. Insert a padded tongue blade in client's mouth.
- D. Elevate the head of the bed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Placing the client on their side prevents aspiration.
A client in a clinic presents with an acute asthma exacerbation. Which of the following medications should reduce the symptoms?
- A. Cromolyn via a metered-dose inhaler
- B. Montelukast orally
- C. Budesonide via a dry-powder inhaler
- D. Albuterol via a jet nebulizer
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Albuterol via a jet nebulizer. Albuterol is a short-acting beta agonist that works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, helping to open them up and improve airflow. When administered via a nebulizer, it provides quick relief during an acute asthma exacerbation by directly targeting the airways. Cromolyn (A) is a mast cell stabilizer that is used for preventing asthma symptoms, not for acute exacerbations. Montelukast (B) is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that is used for maintenance therapy, not for immediate relief. Budesonide (C) is an inhaled corticosteroid used for long-term control of asthma, not for acute symptom relief.