Immune System ATI Quizlet

Immune System ATI Quizlet Related

Review Immune System ATI Quizlet related questions and content

Which factor is primarily responsible for the division of bacterial populations into specific zones within sediments?

  • A. predation by protozoans
  • B. free oxygen availability
  • C. competition for suitable electron acceptors
  • D. cometabolism of organic compounds
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: free oxygen availability. In sediment environments, free oxygen availability plays a crucial role in determining bacterial population distribution due to oxygen gradients. Bacteria that require oxygen will be found in aerobic zones where oxygen is present, while anaerobic bacteria will thrive in zones with limited or no oxygen. This division is primarily responsible for the spatial organization of bacterial populations within sediments.

Choice A: Predation by protozoans is not primarily responsible for division of bacterial populations within sediments as it focuses on interactions between different organisms rather than the environmental factor of oxygen availability.

Choice C: While competition for suitable electron acceptors is important for microbial communities, it is not the primary factor responsible for the division of bacterial populations within sediments.

Choice D: Cometabolism of organic compounds refers to the metabolism of compounds alongside the primary substrate, and it is not directly related to the spatial distribution of bacterial populations within sediments based on oxygen availability.

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Which of the following symptoms is associated with AIDS-related distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP)?

  • A. Staggering gait and muscle incoordination
  • B. Abnormal sensations such as burning and numbness
  • C. Delusional thinking
  • D. Incontinence
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) in AIDS patients often presents with abnormal sensations like burning and numbness in the extremities.

Which of the following is NOT an organ-specific autoimmune disease

  • A. Multiple sclerosis
  • B. Lupus
  • C. Diabetes
  • D. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lupus. Lupus is a systemic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs and tissues throughout the body, rather than being specific to a single organ. Multiple sclerosis (A) is a neurological autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. Diabetes (C) is an autoimmune disease that affects the pancreas. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (D) is an autoimmune disease targeting the thyroid gland. Lupus does not specifically target a single organ, making it the correct choice.

Phagocytes were discovered by:

  • A. Ilya Metchnikoff
  • B. Louis Pasteur
  • C. Emil von Behring
  • D. Robert Koch
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ilya Metchnikoff. He discovered phagocytes through his research on immune responses in starfish larvae. Metchnikoff observed cells engulfing foreign particles, leading to the discovery of phagocytosis. Louis Pasteur is famous for his work in microbiology and vaccination. Emil von Behring discovered antitoxins. Robert Koch is known for his work in bacteriology and identifying the causative agents of diseases. Therefore, the correct answer is A as Metchnikoff specifically discovered phagocytes.

Mutations in which of the following genes are considered a risk factor for Crohn's disease?

  • A. TLR-4
  • B. NOD2
  • C. NADPH oxidase
  • D. IL-2
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: NOD2. Mutations in the NOD2 gene have been strongly associated with an increased risk of Crohn's disease. NOD2 is involved in the immune response to bacteria in the gut, and mutations in this gene can lead to dysregulation of the immune system, contributing to the development of Crohn's disease.

A: TLR-4 is involved in the recognition of bacterial components but mutations in this gene are not strongly linked to Crohn's disease.
C: NADPH oxidase is important for the production of reactive oxygen species in immune cells but mutations in this gene are not known to be a risk factor for Crohn's disease.
D: IL-2 is a cytokine involved in immune regulation but mutations in this gene are not associated with an increased risk of Crohn's disease.

Agricultural uses of plant hormones include

  • A. Control of fruit production, ripening, and dropping
  • B. Production of seedless fruits
  • C. Use as weed killers
  • D. All above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because plant hormones are used in agriculture to control fruit production, ripening, dropping, and to produce seedless fruits. Choice A is correct as plant hormones regulate these processes. Choice B is also correct as certain plant hormones can induce seedless fruit formation. Choice C is incorrect as plant hormones are not typically used as weed killers in agriculture. Overall, the correct answer, D, encompasses all the agricultural uses of plant hormones listed in the other choices.

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