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Which foods should be offered to a child with hepatitis?
- A. A tuna sandwich on whole-wheat bread and skim milk.
- B. Clear liquids such as broth and Jell-O.
- C. A hamburger, French fries, and a diet soda.
- D. A peanut butter sandwich and a milkshake.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clear liquids are gentle on the liver and help minimize digestive stress during hepatitis.
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An inborn error of metabolism that causes a premature destruction of RBC?
- A. G6PD
- B. Homocystinuria
- C. Phenylketonuria
- D. Celiac Disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism that leads to the premature destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis). G6PD is an enzyme responsible for protecting red blood cells from oxidative damage. In individuals with G6PD deficiency, the red blood cells are more susceptible to oxidative stress, leading to their destruction and resulting in hemolytic anemia. This condition is commonly triggered by certain medications, infections, or dietary factors that cause oxidative stress, leading to hemolysis. Homocystinuria, Phenylketonuria, and Celiac Disease are metabolic disorders that do not typically result in the premature destruction of red blood cells.
Which of the ff. medications might be ordered to help control symptoms of multiple sclerosis, and possibly induce a remission?
- A. Acyclovir
- B. Thyrotropin
- C. ACTH
- D. Benadryl
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) might be ordered to help control symptoms of multiple sclerosis and possibly induce a remission. ACTH is sometimes used as a treatment option for multiple sclerosis due to its anti-inflammatory properties. It can help reduce inflammation in the central nervous system and, in some cases, lead to a decrease in symptoms and possibly induce a remission. However, it is important to note that ACTH is not commonly used as a first-line treatment for multiple sclerosis and is usually reserved for cases that are refractory to other medications.
Which of the following assessment findings would suggest to the home health nurse that the patient is developing congestive heart failure?
- A. orthopnea
- B. fever
- C. weight loss
- D. calf pain A1 PASSERS TRAINING, RESEARCH, REVIEW & DEVELOPMENT COMPANY MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING SET O
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Orthopnea is a common symptom of congestive heart failure. It is defined as difficulty in breathing when lying flat, which improves when sitting up or standing. This occurs due to the redistribution of blood in the body when changing positions. As fluid accumulates in the lungs in congestive heart failure, lying down increases pressure on the chest and impairs breathing. Therefore, orthopnea is a significant assessment finding that would suggest to the home health nurse that the patient is developing congestive heart failure. Fever, weight loss, and calf pain are not typically associated with congestive heart failure.
A 19-year-old student develops symptoms of respiratory alkalosis related to an anxiety attack. Which nursing intervention is appropriate?
- A. Make sure his oxygen is being administered as ordered.
- B. Have him breathe into a paper bag.
- C. Place him in a semi-fowler's position.
- D. Have him do coughing and deep breathing exercises.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The appropriate nursing intervention for a 19-year-old student experiencing symptoms of respiratory alkalosis related to an anxiety attack is to have him breathe into a paper bag. Breathing into a paper bag can help increase the level of carbon dioxide in the body, which can help correct respiratory alkalosis. This technique helps to rebalance the level of carbon dioxide in the blood and alleviate the symptoms of alkalosis caused by hyperventilation during the anxiety attack. It is important to monitor the student's condition and ensure that he is using the paper bag correctly to avoid any potential risks associated with this intervention. Additionally, providing reassurance and support during this episode can also be beneficial in helping the student to manage his anxiety and respiratory alkalosis.
An adult has been diagnosed with some type of anemia. The results of his blood tests showed: decreased WBC, normal RBC, decreased HCT, decreased Hgb. Based on these data, which of the following nursing diagnosis should the nurse prioritize as the most important?
- A. Potential for infection
- B. Self care deficit
- C. Alteration in infection
- D. Fluid volume excess
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The decreased white blood cell count (WBC) in the blood tests indicates a potential for infection. White blood cells are crucial for fighting off infections in the body. A decrease in WBC count can result in an impaired immune response, making the individual more susceptible to infections. Therefore, the nurse should prioritize the nursing diagnosis of "Potential for infection" to address the heightened risk of infection in the adult with anemia. It is important to monitor for signs and symptoms of infection, provide appropriate hygiene measures, and implement interventions to prevent infections in this individual.