Nokea
Which hormone plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion?
- A. Insulin
- B. aldosterone
- C. BNP
- D. ANP
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the kidneys. It increases the reabsorption of sodium and water while promoting the excretion of potassium. This helps maintain electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
A: Insulin mainly regulates blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells.
C: BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide) is involved in regulating fluid balance and blood pressure but not specifically sodium reabsorption.
D: ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) also plays a role in regulating fluid balance and blood pressure, but it promotes sodium excretion instead of reabsorption.
You may also like to solve these questions
In a patient with AKI, which laboratory urinalysis result indicates tubular damage?
- A. Hematuria
- B. Specific gravity fixed at 1.010
- C. Urine sodium of 12 mEq/L (12 mmol/L)
- D. Osmolality of 1000 mOsm/kg (1000 mmol/kg)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Urine sodium of 12 mEq/L (12 mmol/L). In a patient with AKI, tubular damage results in the inability of the kidneys to reabsorb sodium effectively, leading to a low urine sodium concentration. This is because damaged tubules cannot properly regulate sodium reabsorption. Choices A, B, and D do not directly indicate tubular damage. Hematuria (choice A) can be seen in various renal conditions, fixed specific gravity at 1.010 (choice B) may indicate dilute urine, and osmolality of 1000 mOsm/kg (choice D) could be within normal range depending on the clinical context.
In which type of dialysis does the patient dialyze during sleep and leave the fluid in the abdomen during the day?
- A. Long nocturnal hemodialysis
- B. Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD)
- C. Continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH)
- D. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). In APD, the patient connects to a machine at night for dialysis while sleeping, and during the day, the dialysis fluid remains in the abdomen. This allows for continuous treatment without the need for daytime exchanges.
A: Long nocturnal hemodialysis involves nighttime hemodialysis sessions but does not involve leaving fluid in the abdomen during the day.
C: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration is a continuous renal replacement therapy used in critically ill patients, not for ambulatory dialysis.
D: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) requires manual exchanges throughout the day, unlike APD where the fluid remains in the abdomen during the day.
When performing a genitourinary assessment on a 16-year-old male adolescent, the nurse notices a swelling in the scrotum that increases with increased intra-abdominal pressure and decreases when he is lying down. The patient complains of pain when straining. The nurse knows that this description is most consistent with a(n) ______ hernia.
- A. Femoral.
- B. Incisional.
- C. Direct inguinal.
- D. Indirect inguinal.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Indirect inguinal hernia. In an indirect inguinal hernia, the swelling in the scrotum increases with increased intra-abdominal pressure due to the herniation of abdominal contents through the internal inguinal ring. The swelling decreases when lying down because the contents reduce back into the abdominal cavity. Pain with straining is also characteristic of an indirect inguinal hernia.
A: Femoral hernia presents as a bulge in the upper thigh and is more common in females.
B: Incisional hernia occurs at the site of a previous surgical incision and is not typically affected by intra-abdominal pressure.
C: Direct inguinal hernia protrudes directly through the abdominal wall and is typically not palpable in the scrotum.
When assessing a newborn infant's genitalia, the nurse notices that the genitalia are somewhat engorged. The labia majora are swollen, the clitoris looks large, and the hymen is thick. The vaginal opening is difficult to visualize. The infant's mother states that she is worried about the labia being swollen. The nurse should reply:
- A. This is a normal finding in newborns and should resolve within a few weeks.
- B. This finding could indicate an abnormality and may need to be evaluated by a physician.
- C. We will need to have estrogen levels evaluated to ensure that they are within normal limits.
- D. We will need to keep close watch over the next few days to see if the genitalia decrease in size.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Neonatal genital engorgement is a common finding due to maternal hormones.
Step 2: Maternal hormones can cause swelling of the labia majora, clitoris, and thickening of the hymen.
Step 3: This physiological phenomenon typically resolves within a few weeks post-birth.
Step 4: The nurse should reassure the mother that this is a normal finding in newborns.
Summary: Choice A is correct because it aligns with the normal physiological process, while the other options suggest unnecessary interventions or monitoring that are not indicated in this situation.
The nurse caring for a patient with suspected renal has been referred by her primary physician for further dysfunction calculates that the patients weight has evaluation. The nurse should anticipate the use of what increased by 5 pounds in the past 24 hours. The nurse initial diagnostic test?
- A. Ultrasound
- B. X-ray
- C. 1,300 mL of fluid in 24 hours
- D. Computed tomography (CT)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ultrasound. This is the appropriate initial diagnostic test for suspected renal dysfunction due to its non-invasive nature and ability to visualize the kidneys and urinary system. Ultrasound can detect abnormalities such as kidney stones or obstruction. X-ray (B) does not provide detailed imaging of the kidneys. Option C refers to fluid intake, which is not a diagnostic test. Computed tomography (CT) scan (D) involves radiation exposure and is usually reserved for more advanced imaging after initial ultrasound. Ultrasound is the most suitable choice for initial evaluation of renal dysfunction.