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Which is a bright red, rubbery nodule with a rough surface and a well-defined margin that may be present at birth?
- A. Port-wine stain
- B. Juvenile melanoma
- C. Cavernous hemangioma
- D. Strawberry hemangioma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A strawberry hemangioma, also known as an infantile hemangioma, is a bright red, rubbery nodule with a rough surface and a well-defined margin that may be present at birth or appear shortly after. This common type of benign vascular tumor occurs on the skin and typically grows rapidly during the first few months of life before eventually shrinking and disappearing by early childhood. It is composed of an overgrowth of blood vessels and is considered a benign condition that generally does not require treatment unless it interferes with vision, breathing, or other essential functions.
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Which clinical sign is pathognomonic of rubella?
- A. Severe prodromal stage
- B. Circumoral pallor
- C. Maculopapular rash
- D. Post auricular lymphadenopathy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
You are treating a 10-month-old child with failure to thrive. Of the following, the minimal accepted catch-up weight gain is about
- A. 10 gm/kg/day
- B. 20-30 gm/kg/day
- C. 40-50 gm/kg/day
- D. 60 gm/kg/day
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A client receiving chemotherapy has a nursing diagnosis of Deficient diversional activity related to decreased energy. Which statement indicates an accurate understanding of appropriate ways to deal with this deficit?
- A. "I'll play card games with my friends."
- B. "I'll bowl with my team after discharge."
- C. "I'll take a long trip to visit my aunt."
- D. "I'll eat lunch in a restaurant everyday."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Option A, "I'll play card games with my friends," indicates an accurate understanding of appropriate ways to deal with the deficit of deficient diversional activity related to decreased energy. Playing card games with friends can provide a social and mentally stimulating activity that can be easily modified based on the client's energy levels. It also promotes social interaction and emotional support, which are important aspects of diversional activities for individuals undergoing chemotherapy. This option aligns well with addressing the nursing diagnosis by engaging in a low-energy but potentially enjoyable activity that can help combat feelings of isolation and boredom.
During a funduscopic examination of a school-age child, the nurse notes a brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes. How should the nurse interpret this finding?
- A. Normal finding
- B. Abnormal finding, so child needs referral to ophthalmologist
- C. Sign of possible visual defect, so child needs vision screening
- D. Sign of small hemorrhages, which will usually resolve spontaneously
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A brilliant, uniform red reflex during a funduscopic examination is considered a normal finding. The red reflex is caused by the reflection of light off the retina, specifically the blood vessels in the retina. A uniform red reflex indicates that the light is reflecting evenly from both eyes, suggesting symmetrical and clear lenses and corneas. This finding is typically seen in healthy individuals and is a reassuring sign of normal eye health.
Which strategy is most likely to promote positive behavior in children?
- A. Providing flexible instructions with no consequences
- B. Limiting opportunities until the child performs adequately
- C. Improving the child's competence and creating a positive environment
- D. Setting strict rules with punishments for misbehavior
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Improving the child's competence and creating a positive environment is the most effective strategy to promote positive behavior in children. This approach focuses on enhancing the child's skills and abilities while fostering a supportive and encouraging atmosphere. By empowering the child and surrounding them with positivity, they are more likely to exhibit positive behaviors as they feel competent, valued, and motivated. This strategy emphasizes support and reinforcement over punitive measures, leading to long-lasting behavioral improvements.