Nokea
Which is a major complication in a child with chronic renal failure?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Water and sodium retention
- D. Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A major complication in a child with chronic renal failure is water and sodium retention, leading to fluid overload and hypertension. Because the kidneys are not functioning properly, they are unable to regulate fluid and sodium levels in the body effectively. This can result in edema, increased blood pressure, and potential heart complications. Monitoring and managing fluid and sodium intake are essential in managing this complication in children with chronic renal failure.
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In terms of fine motor development, what should the infant of 7 months be able to do?
- A. Transfer objects from one hand to the other and bang cubes on a table.
- B. Use thumb and index finger in crude pincer grasp and release an object at will.
- C. Hold a crayon between the fingers and make a mark on paper.
- D. Release cubes into a cup and build a tower of two blocks.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At 7 months old, infants are typically able to transfer objects from one hand to the other and bang cubes on a table. This demonstrates the development of their fine motor skills related to coordination, dexterity, and object manipulation. They are refining their hand-eye coordination and grasping abilities at this stage, preparing for more complex fine motor tasks in the future. The ability to purposefully transfer objects between hands and make intentional actions, like banging cubes on a table, shows the progression of their fine motor development at this age.
A preschool child is scheduled for an echocardiogram. Parents ask the nurse whether they can hold the child during the procedure. The nurse should answer with which response?
- A. "You will be able to hold your child during the procedure."
- B. "Your child can be active during the procedure, but can't sit in your lap."
- C. "Your child must lie quietly; sometimes a mild sedative is administered before the procedure."
- D. "The procedure is invasive so your child will be restrained during the echocardiogram."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct response is that "You will be able to hold your child during the procedure." It is common for parents to be allowed to hold their child during an echocardiogram to provide comfort and reassurance. This can help the child stay calm and cooperative during the procedure. Holding the child can also create a familiar and secure environment, making it easier for the healthcare provider to perform the echocardiogram successfully.
A nurse is collecting subjective and objective information about target populations to diagnose problems based on community needs. This describes which step in the community nursing process?
- A. Planning
- B. Diagnosis
- C. Assessment
- D. Establishing objectives
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the community nursing process, the step of collecting subjective and objective information about target populations to diagnose problems based on community needs is known as "Assessment." This step involves gathering data through observation, interviews, surveys, and other methods to understand the health status, priorities, assets, and resources of the community. This information is essential for identifying the health needs and issues within the community, which then informs the planning and implementation of appropriate interventions. Assessment helps nurses develop a comprehensive understanding of the community's strengths, challenges, and opportunities, enabling them to make informed decisions and tailor interventions to meet the specific needs of the target population.
ahmed 2 months old come to emergency department with epistaxis and prolong PTT, clotting and bleeding time , what you suspect ahmed have :
- A. thalassemia
- B. hemophilia
- C. leukemia
- D. sickle anemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ahmed is presenting with epistaxis (nosebleed) and prolonged PTT (partial thromboplastin time), clotting time, and bleeding time, which are indicative of a bleeding disorder. Given the symptoms and lab findings, hemophilia is the most likely cause. Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder characterized by deficiency or dysfunction of clotting factors, particularly Factor VIII (hemophilia A) or Factor IX (hemophilia B). Patients with hemophilia often present with spontaneous bleeding episodes, such as nosebleeds, bruising, and prolonged bleeding after injury or surgery. Thalassemia, leukemia, and sickle cell anemia are not associated with prolonged clotting times and bleeding presentations, making hemophilia the most appropriate choice in this scenario.
Seventy-two hours after cardiac surgery, a young child has a temperature of 101° F. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Keep child warm with blankets.
- B. Apply a hypothermia blanket.
- C. Record temperature on nurses' notes.
- D. Report findings to physician.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A temperature of 101°F after cardiac surgery in a young child, especially 72 hours post-surgery, is a concerning finding that should be reported to the physician. This elevated temperature could indicate infection or another complication following the surgery. It is important for the physician to evaluate the child's condition and determine the appropriate course of action. Simply recording the temperature on nurses' notes or keeping the child warm with blankets is not adequate management in this situation. Applying a hypothermia blanket would also not be appropriate as the child is already febrile. The priority in this scenario is to report the findings to the physician for further assessment and intervention.