Nokea
Which is not a common cause of respiratory symptoms in HIV/AIDS patients?
- A. community acquired bacterial pneumonia
- B. non hodgkins lymphoma
- C. Pulmonary Embolus
- D. CMV
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary embolus isn't HIV's lung usual clots tie to beds, not AIDS' immune dive. Pneumonia, lymphoma, CMV, PCP thrive in CD4's fall; emboli don't care. Nurses chase opportunists first, a chronic breath thief lineup skipping this oddball.
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What is the average life expectancy in Canada?
- A. 60 years
- B. 70 years
- C. 80 years
- D. 90 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Canada's life clock hits 80 78.5 for men, 82.7 for women in 2010 a longevity nurses bank on for chronic care spans. Lower guesses lag history; 90's a stretch. It shapes health goals, a timeline framing illness fights.
In order to reduce cardiovascular, renal and all-cause mortality, the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) has set the definition of hypertension as a BP of X in 2017. What is X?
- A. 120/70 mmHg
- B. 125/75 mmHg
- C. 130/80 mmHg
- D. 135/85 mmHg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertension's threshold shifted in 2017 when the AHA and ACC pegged it at 130/80 mmHg, aiming to catch cardiovascular and renal risks earlier, slashing mortality via tighter control. Lower cutoffs like 120/70 or 125/75 flag normal or elevated, not yet disease. Higher ones 135/85 or 140/90 stick to older, laxer standards, missing early intervention's benefit. This pivot reflects evidence tying 130/80 to doubled event risk versus <120, pushing clinicians to act sooner with lifestyle or meds, a proactive stance in chronic disease's long game.
Which of the following statements regarding weight regulation is FALSE?
- A. Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown overactivation of reward-encoding brain regions and/or deficiency in cortical inhibitory networks in obese people
- B. The homeostatic weight regulation circuitry centres around the corticolimbic structures of the brain
- C. Liking and wanting of food are subconscious processes
- D. The reward system of weight regulation is nonhomeostatic in nature
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight regulation involves homeostatic (hypothalamic) and nonhomeostatic (reward-driven) systems. fMRI studies showing reward region overactivation in obesity, subconscious liking/wanting, and the reward system's nonhomeostatic nature are true. However, homeostatic regulation centers on the hypothalamus, not corticolimbic structures (involved in reward/emotion), making this false. Understanding this distinction aids physicians in addressing both physiological and behavioral drivers in chronic obesity management.
You measure the abdominal circumference and the hip circumference of a male patient with hypertension, overweight and recently-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Question: Which values are most likely to be found in this patient?
- A. Abdomen: 78 cm, hip: 78 cm
- B. Abdomen: 78 cm, hip: 86 cm
- C. Abdomen: 102 cm, hip: 90 cm
- D. Abdomen: 90 cm, hip: 102 cm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 2, hypertension, overweight belly bulges past hips, 102 cm to 90 cm fits metabolic syndrome's apple shape, not slim or reverse. Nurses measure this, a chronic girth clue.
Erysipelas
- A. responds to erythromycin
- B. is caused strep pneumoniae
- C. results from microorganism exotoxin production
- D. typically occurs on the neck
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erysipelas erythro clears strep pyogenes, not pneumo, toxins, neck-only, or TEN's peel. Nurses dose this chronic red edge.